Hīkoitanga: He Ahiahi D’Alembert
Kotahi wae ki runga i muri i tētahi hinga, kotahi wae ki raro i muri i tētahi toa, te whero i ia hurihanga mō ngā hurihanga kotahi rau. Te pūnaha ngāwari rawa, me te utu o te ngāwari.
He wā tākaro D’Alembert kua whaihangatia, 100 ngā hurihanga, $5 ia wae. E rima ngā wā i hoki ai te moni peti ki te $5, i paheke whakarunga ki te $80 i tētahi wā kino, ā, i mutu ki te $55 me te heke o te wā tākaro i te $40. Te pūnaha e rite ana ki te taurite, engari ehara.
Hīkoitia te pūnaha
Ka neke te hinga kotahi te hīkoi whakarunga. Ka neke te toa kotahi te hīkoi whakamuri.
Ko ngā moni peti me ngā hua he wae o te peti taketake.
Te mahere
Tīmata i te kotahi waemoniWaeTe moni peti taketake e mahi ai tētahi pūnaha, tētahi kaitākaro rānei. Ka whakaahuatia ngā kauneke ki ngā wae kia hāngai ai ki ia tēpu.Pānuitia katoatia →, $5, i te wheropetiWheroHe peti utu ōrite ki ngā tau whero e 18. Wīwī: rouge.Pānuitia katoatia →. I muri i te hinga, tāpiritia he wae; i muri i te toa, tangohia tētahi, kaua rawa e iti iho i te kotahi. Ko te ariā, kāore nā d’Alembert i whakatakoto engari ko ia e whakahēngia ana, ka taurite ngā toa me ngā hinga, nā reira mō ia takirua o te hinga kotahi me te toa kotahi ka piki tātou i te kotahi wae. E ai ki te tātai, ka toa te whero i te 48.65% o ngā hurihanga, nā reira ka nui ake ngā hinga i ngā toa i te tata ki te kotahi i ia whā tekau, ā, ka paheke whakarunga te moni peti i te roanga o te wā.
Ngā hurihanga 1–30
Tekau mā whā ngā whero, tekau mā rima ngā pangopetiPangoHe peti utu ōrite ki ngā tau pango e 18. Wīwī: noir.Pānuitia katoatia →, kotahi te korewīraKoreTe kōhao kākāriki kotahi kāore e kapia e tētahi peti utu ōrite, tatini, tīwae rānei; te pūtake o te painga o te whare. Arā anō: kore kotahi, 0.Pānuitia katoatia →. I piki te moni peti ki te $20 i tētahi raupapa hinga e toru, i hoki ki te $5 i te hurihanga 18, ā, i piki ki te $25 i te mutunga o te wāhanga. Ko te tapeke +$20. I whiwhi ia takirua hinga-toa i te kotahi wae, pērā i te kōrero; nā ngā hinga tāpiri i kai. He rite ki tētahi pana pōturi e mahi ana i te nuinga o te wā.
Ngā hurihanga 31–65
Te wā kino. Tekau mā toru ngā whero ki ngā mea ehara i te whero e rua tekau mā rua, tae atu ki tētahi raupapa hinga e whitu. Mai i te $5 i te hurihanga 41, i piki te moni peti kotahi wae i ia wā ki te $80, ā, i whakakore ia ngaronga $75 i ngā toa $5 tekau mā rima o mua. Ko te tapeke −$485 mō te wāhanga; ko te tapeke haere −$465. Kāore he mea whakamataku i puta i tētahi hurihanga kotahi; nā te paheke kē.
- p10 −$500
- p25 −$500
- tau waenga −$500
- p75 −$500
- p90 +$885
Ngā hurihanga 66–100
E rua tekau ngā whero ki ngā mea ehara i te whero e tekau mā rima, ā, ka heke te moni peti mai i te $80 ki te $55 i ngā hīkoi $5. I whakahokia mai e ia toa i tētahi moni peti teitei he moni tūturu: ko te toa $75 i muri i te ngaronga $70, ko te takirua e whiwhi ana i te +$5, engari he nui te takirua. Ko te tapeke +$425 mō te wāhanga; ko te mutunga −$40.
Ngā kaute
Ko te moni peti toharite tata ki te $37, nā reira ko te tapeke i petihia tata ki te $3,670, ki te $500 mō te kaipeti papatahi $5. Ko te ngaronga tūmanakopāngarauNgaronga tūmanakoTe uara tūmanako whakareatia ki te tapeke o te moni kua petihia; te moni toharite ka ngaro i roto i te wā tākaro, i tētahi wā rānei.Pānuitia katoatia → i te $3,670, ko te $99; ko te mea i tūturu −$40, he iti iho i te kotahi hipanga paerewapāngarauHipanga paerewaTe pūtake rua o te tītaringa; te tawhiti noa o te hua i te uara tūmanako.Pānuitia katoatia →. Ko te paheke o te rahinga moni peti te pānga katoa o te pūnaha: he nui ake ngā moni ki runga i te tēpu, he ōrite te 2.70% ka tangohia i ia tāra, he whānui ake te tohatoha o ngā hua.
Ngā mea e kitea ana i te wā tākaro
Ko te D’Alembert te pōhēhē a te kaipetipeti kua tuhia hei ture peti: e whakaaro ana ka ōrite ngā toa me ngā hinga i te wā poto, kia hoki iho ai te moni peti. Ka ōrite rātou i te wā roa mā te whakawairanu, ehara mā te whakatika, ā, kāore he take kia hoki te moni peti ki te kotahi wae. He pūnaha pōturi kāore he pari, ā, nā te pōturi i whakapono ai ngā kaitākaro.
Ngā pātai
He onge. Ka tupu te moni peti i te kotahi wae i ia hinga, ehara i te whakarearua, nā reira me roa rawa tētahi raupapa kino kia tae ki te tepe.
Āe, ā, ka huri te tepe i te pūnaha hei peti papatahirautakiPeti papatahiTe peti i te moni ōrite i ia hurihanga. Koia te paerewa e whakatairitea ai ia kauneke.Pānuitia katoatia → i te tepe i muri i tētahi raupapa kino. He pai noa iho tētahi tepe; kāore tētahi e huri i te painga.
I tohe ia i te tau 1754 he nui ake te tūpono o te hiku i muri i tētahi raupapa upoko. Nā ngā kaipetipeti i whakaae i tapaina te pūnaha ki a ia. Kua whakamā ia.
He katakata iti
Te pūnaha ngāwari rawa. Ka paheke, kāore e taka ki te pari.
Ngā Puna
- d’Alembert, J. “Croix ou pile.”
- Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling.