Ngā Utu Tāpiri, ngā Whakatairanga me ngā Whakahokinga Moni i te Rūreti
Ko ngā ahikā rūreti pērā i ngā kūpona matchplay, ngā maramara kāore e taea te huri hei moni, me ngā whakahoki moni mō ngā ngaronga, ka neke i tētahi moni iti mai i te whare petipeti ki te kaitākaro. Ki te tika te whakatau utu, he nui ake te wāriu o ētahi i tā te wīra e tango ai.
Ko te kūpona e rearua ana i te utunga utu ōrite, tata ki te 46% o te peti tōna wāriu i te wīra Ūropi. Ko te maramara whakatairanga whakamahinga kotahi, ko tōna wāriu he (36 − n)/37 o tōna uara i te peti e hipoki ana i ngā tau n: 95% i te tau kotahi, 49% i te whero. Mā te whakahoki i te haurua o tō ngaronga huamoni, ka whai take te wā tākaro poto i te whero. Kāore tētahi o ēnei e huri i te wīra; ka huri kē i te tangata ka utu.
He aha e taea ai e te whakatairanga te hinga i te painga
Ko te painga o te wharepāngarauPainga o te whareTe wāhanga o ia moni peti ka puritia e te whare petipeti i te toharite: 2.70% i te rūreti Ūropi.Pānuitia katoatia → he utu mō ia waemoniWaeTe moni peti taketake e mahi ai tētahi pūnaha, tētahi kaitākaro rānei. Ka whakaahuatia ngā kauneke ki ngā wae kia hāngai ai ki ia tēpu.Pānuitia katoatia → ka petihia: 2.70% i te wīra Ūropi. Ka tāpiri te ahikā rūreti i te moni ki tētahi taha o te peti, ā, ki te nui ake i te 2.70% o te moni peti te tāpiritanga, he tōrunga taua peti i te roanga o te whakatairanga. Ka tukuna tonutia e ngā whare petipeti nā te mea he mea whai tepe: kotahi kūpona mō ia toronga, he maramaramoniMaramaraHe tohu e tohu ana i tētahi moni pūmau, ka whakatakotoria ki te mahere peti hei peti. Arā anō: check.Pānuitia katoatia → ka taea te peti engari kāore e taea te huri hei moni, he whakahoki moni mō ngā kaitākaro anake ka ngaro i ngā moni nui. He ōrite te tātai ki ngā wāhi katoa o tēnei pae: tūpono whakareatia ki te utungamoniUtungaTe moni ka whakahokia e te peti toa, ka kīia ko “X ki te 1”, hei tāpiri ki te moni peti ka whakahokia.Pānuitia katoatia →, ka tāpiria i ngā putanga katoa.
Ngā kūpona matchplay
Ka noho te kūpona matchplay ki te taha o tētahi peti moni, ā, ka rearuatia te utunga o te peti ina toa; ahakoa toa, hinga rānei, ka puritia e te whare petipeti te kūpona. Ka whakatau utu a Bollman (2024) i tētahi kūpona nō Las Vegas i te 2022, i ōrite ki te $50 i te peti utu ōritepetiPeti utu ōriteWhero/pango, kehe/taurite, teitei/hakahaka. 18 ngā tau, ko te utunga 1:1.Pānuitia katoatia →. I te wīra Ūropi, ko te $50 ki te wheropetiWheroHe peti utu ōrite ki ngā tau whero e 18. Wīwī: rouge.Pānuitia katoatia → me te kūpona, ka toa i te $100 i te tūpono 18/37, ka ngaro i te $50 i te tūpono 19/37: he +$22.97 tūmanako, arā, 45.9% o te peti. I te wīra Amerika, he +$21.05, 42.1%. I te tau kotahipetiTau kotahiHe tau kotahi, ko te utunga 35:1.Pānuitia katoatia →, e rua whakarea te wāriu o taua kūpona anō, koinā te take i whakatepea ai ngā kūpona ki ngā peti utu ōrite.
Ngā maramara kāore e taea te huri hei moni
Ko ngā maramara whakatairanga, e kīia ana hoki ko ngā maramara kore-whakawhiti, ka taea te peti engari kāore e taea te whakawhiti hei moni. Ko te ture noa he whakamahinga kotahi: ka utua te peti toa ki ngā maramara noa, ā, ka tangohia te maramara whakatairanga; ka tangohia hoki te peti hinga. Ko te maramara $100 i te peti e hipoki ana i ngā tau n ka toa i te (36 − n)/n × $100 i te tūpono n/37, nō reira ko tōna wāriu he (36 − n)/37 o tōna uara. Kāore te uara o te maramara ake e hoki mai, ko ngā moni toa anake, ā, ko te peti he onge te toa engari he nui te utu ka iti rawa te ngaronga i taua huarahi: $94.59 i te tau kotahi, $48.65 i te whero. Ki te whakaaetia te maramara kia noho tonu ki te mahere petitaputapuMahere petiTe tukutuku peti kua tāia ki te tēpu. Arā anō: tēpu, kākahu tēpu, felt.Pānuitia katoatia → kia hinga rā anō, ko te wāriu o te peti utu ōrite he 18/19 o tōna uara i te wīra Ūropi, he 9/10 i te wīra Amerika (Bollman, 2024).
Te huri i ngā maramara hei moni
He toharite te wāriu; ko te kaitākaro e hiahia ana ki te moni tūturu, ka taea e ia te hoko mā te ārai tūraru. Ko te tauira a Bollman nō te whare petipeti Vegas World o mua: $1,000 o ngā maramara whakamahinga kotahi i te wīra Amerika, $500 ki te whero me te $500 ki te pangopetiPangoHe peti utu ōrite ki ngā tau pango e 18. Wīwī: noir.Pānuitia katoatia →, me te $20 moni ki ia o te 0 me te 00. Ka toa te whero, te pango rānei i te $500, ka ngaro te $40 moni: +$460. Ko te korewīraKoreTe kōhao kākāriki kotahi kāore e kapia e tētahi peti utu ōrite, tatini, tīwae rānei; te pūtake o te painga o te whare. Arā anō: kore kotahi, 0.Pānuitia katoatia → ka ngaro ngā maramara e rua, ka utu i te $700 i te moni: +$680. Ka penapena te kaitākaro i te $460 iti rawa, ā, ko te toharite, $471.58, he 99.6% o te wāriu o ngā maramara i te whero anake. Ki te whakaaetia e ngā ture ngā maramara ki ngā tau kotahi, he ārai tūraru pai ake tā te wīra Ūropi: ngā maramara $25 ki ngā tau katoa 36 ($900) me te $25 moni ki te kore. Ahakoa ko tēhea tau ka puta, ka utu i te $875, ā, ka ngaro te moni i te kore ki te kore te kore tonu e puta, nō reira ka pupuri te kaitākaro i te $850 iti rawa, 94% o te uara o ngā maramara, kāore rawa he tūraru.
Ngā whakahoki moni mō ngā ngaronga
He maha ngā wā ka tukuna ki ngā kaitākaro peti nui he whakahoki moni: he wāhanga o tō rātou ngaronga huamoni ka hoki mai i te mutunga o tētahi wā tākaro kua whakaaetia. Ka utu noa te whakahoki moni ina hinga koe, nō reira he nui rawa tōna wāriu ina tino piki, tino heke ngā hua, ā, he poto te wā tākaro kia kore anō te painga i riro ake. Ka mahi a Epstein (2013) i te tauira mō te wīra Amerika; e whai ake ana ā mātou tau mō te wīra Ūropi. Ki te whakahokia te haurua o te ngaronga huamoni, he whai take te peti utu ōrite papatahi tae noa ki ngā hurihanga 103, ā, he pai rawa i te 25, ko tōna wāriu +0.51 moni peti i te toharite. I te tau kotahi, he nui rawa ngā piki me ngā heke, ka noho tōrunga te wā tākaro tata ki ngā hurihanga 3,600, ā, he pai rawa i te 882, ko tōna wāriu +17.25 moni peti. Me te whakahoki moni 10% noa ake, he tōrunga te utu ōrite mō te hurihanga kotahi anake, engari he pai rawa te tau kotahi i ngā hurihanga 20, ko tōna wāriu +0.62 moni peti.
Ngā ture whakatairanga rūreti: te mea e whakawhirinaki ana te whare petipeti
He tepe tō ia whakatairanga, ā, ka tiaki te tepe i te whare petipeti: kotahi kūpona mō ia toronga, ka tukuna ngā maramara i tētahi moni pūmau, ka whakaaetia ngā whakahoki moni ki ngā kaitākaro anake he nui noa atu ō rātou ngaronga tūmanako i te haerenga i te whakahoki moni. Ko te kaitākaro ka whakamahi i te kūpona, ā, ka noho mō tētahi pō peti $50 ki te whero, ka whakahoki i te $22.97 i roto i ngā hurihanga 17, i te $1.35 mō ia hurihanga. He tūturu te wāriu mō te kaitākaro ka tango, ā, ka wehe, mō te kaitākaro rānei i te tākaro pērā tonu ahakoa te aha.
Tātai
Ngā pātai
Mō te peti kotahi e haere tahi ana, āe. Ko ia peti atu he 2.70% tonu o te moni peti tōna utu.
He tokoiti ngā kaitākaro ka whakaaro ki a ia, he whai tepe ngā maramara, ā, kua whakatauria kētia e te whare petipeti te utu o te whakatairanga hei pānuitanga hokohoko.
He onge. He tikanga mō ngā kaipeti nui, ka whakaaetia i te nuinga o te wā ki tētahi kaimanaaki o te whare petipeti, ā, ka utua i te ngaronga huamoni i te haerenga katoa.
He Pārekareka te Pāngarau
Me whakamātau koe i ēnei i te tuatahi. Kua kōpakina ia otinga; whakatuwherahia ina rite koe.
Ka hoatu ki a koe he maramaramoniMaramaraHe tohu e tohu ana i tētahi moni pūmau, ka whakatakotoria ki te mahere peti hei peti. Arā anō: check.Pānuitia katoatia → whakatairanga $25 ka tangohia i muri i te peti kotahi, ahakoa toa, hinga rānei. Me tuku ki hea: ki te wheropetiWheroHe peti utu ōrite ki ngā tau whero e 18. Wīwī: rouge.Pānuitia katoatia →, ki te tatinipetiTatini1–12, 13–24, 25–36 rānei, ko te utunga 2:1.Pānuitia katoatia →, ki tētahi tau kotahi rānei?
Whakaaturia te otinga
Whakautu Ki tētahi tau kotahi. Ki reira ko tōna uara ko te $23.65 i te toharite; ki te tatini $16.22, ā, ki te whero $12.16.
Kāore te maramara ake e hoki mai, ko āna moni toa anake. I te whero ka toa i te $25 ko te tūpono 18/37: $12.16. I te tatini ka toa i te $50 ko te tūpono 12/37: $16.22. I te tau kotahi ka toa i te $875 ko te tūpono 1/37: $23.65.
I te nuinga ko te uara o te peti ki ngā tau n ko te (36 − n)/37 o te maramara, nō reira ko te iti ake o ngā tau, ko te pai ake. Mō te maramara noa kāore he rerekētanga, nā te mea ka hoki mai te moni peti i ia toa, ā, ko te uara o ia peti ko te 36/37 o te moni peti. Mā te tango i te moni peti ka whara ngā peti e toa auau ana, ā, kāore e tino pā ki te peti ka toa kotahi i ngā 37.
Ka whakahokia e tētahi whare petipeti te haurua o tō ngaronga tapeke i muri i te hurihanga kotahi tonu. He tika rānei kia tākarohia te $100 ki te whero? Ā, te $100 ki tētahi tau kotahi?
Whakaaturia te otinga
Whakautu Āe, mō rāua tahi: tata ki te +$22.97 i te whero, ā, +$45.95 i te tau.
I te whero ka toa koe i te $100 ko te tūpono 18/37, ā, i muri i te whakahokinga, ka ngaro te $50 ko te tūpono 19/37: (1,800 − 950)/37 = +$22.97.
I te tau kotahi ka toa koe i te $3,500 ko te tūpono 1/37, ka ngaro te $50 ko te tūpono 36/37: (3,500 − 1,800)/37 = +$45.95.
Ko ngā tatauranga matchplay anō ēnei. Ko te peti $100 ka ngaro te $50 anake, ka toa i te $100, ka ngaro rānei te $50, ōrite tonu ki te peti $50 me tētahi kūpona e whakarua ana i tōna toa. I tētahi wā tākaro roa ake ka utua noa te whakahokinga i runga i te hua tapeke, ka whakakore ngā toa me ngā ngaronga i a rātou anō i mua i te utunga, ā, ka mimiti te uara; mō te whero me te haurua ka whakahokia, ko ngā hurihanga 25 te roa pai rawa.
Ka whakahokia e te whare petipeti te haurua o tō ngaronga tapeke i muri i tētahi maha pūmau o ngā peti $100 ki te whero, kua kōwhiria i mua: 1, 2, 3 rānei ngā hurihanga. Ko tēhea te uara nui rawa?
Whakaaturia te otinga
Whakautu E toru ngā hurihanga: tata ki te +$31.45. Ko te uara o te hurihanga kotahi ko te +$22.97, ā, ko te rua +$20.96 anake.
Hurihanga kotahi: ka toa i te $100 ko te tūpono 18/37, ka ngaro rānei te $100, ka whakahokia te $50, ko te tūpono 19/37: +$22.97, pērā i te whakaharatau i runga ake.
Hurihanga e rua: ka toa rāua tahi (324 wā i ngā 1,369), +$200. Kotahi ia (684 wā), $0, kāore he mea hei whakahoki. Ka hinga rāua tahi (361 wā), −$200, −$100 i muri i te whakahokinga. Toharite: (200 × 324 − 100 × 361)/1,369 = +$20.96. Ka utu noa te whakahokinga i te ngaronga, ā, ka hurihia e ngā hurihanga e rua te maha o ngā ngaronga o te hurihanga kotahi hei ōrite.
E kore rawa e ōrite ngā hurihanga e toru. E toru ngā toa (5,832 wā i ngā 50,653): +$300. E rua ngā toa (18,468): +$100. Kotahi te toa (19,494): −$100, ka whakahokia ki te −$50. Kore (6,859): −$300, ka whakahokia ki te −$150. Toharite: +$31.45.
Ka nui ake te uara o te whakahokinga ko te roa ake o tō herenga, engari e $2.70 anake te utu o te painga i ia hurihanga, nō reira ka piki te uara ki te tata ki te +$51 i ngā hurihanga 25 (tirohia te tūtohi i runga ake), ā, ka pai ake i ngā wā katoa te maha kehe o ngā hurihanga i te maha taurite e whai ake ana.
I tētahi wā i tohaina e tētahi whare petipeti o Las Vegas he kūpona: petihia te $5 ki te 00, ā, ki te toa, ka utua koe ki te $250, kaua ki te $175 noa. He aha te uara o te peti $5 me te kūpona, hei wāhanga o te moni peti, i runga i tōna wīra korewīraKoreTe kōhao kākāriki kotahi kāore e kapia e tētahi peti utu ōrite, tatini, tīwae rānei; te pūtake o te painga o te whare. Arā anō: kore kotahi, 0.Pānuitia katoatia →-rua?
Whakaaturia te otinga
Whakautu Tata ki te +34%: ko te uara o te peti ko te +$1.71 i te toharite. Mēnā kei roto i te $250 te $5 ka whakahokia, ko te +31.6%.
Ka toa te 00 kotahi i ngā hurihanga 38. Me te kūpona: +$250 kotahi, −$5 i ērā atu wā e 37. Toharite: (250 − 37 × 5)/38 = 65/38 = +$1.71, arā ko te 34.2% o te $5. Ki te kore te kūpona: (175 − 185)/38 = −$0.26, te −5.26% noa.
Mēnā ko te $250 te tapeke ka whakahokia, ko te toa ko te $245, ā, ko te toharite ko te (245 − 185)/38 = +$1.58, arā 31.6%.
Ka whakatakotoria e Bollman (2024) tēnei kūpona, nō te whare petipeti Lady Luck (ko te Downtown Grand ināianei), hei whakaharatau; ko te whakautu i tāia ki a ia, 7.89%, kāore e hāngai ki tētahi o ngā whakamāramatanga e rua. Pērā i te kūpona matchplay, kotahi anake te wā he uara tōna: tākarohia, kātahi ka mutu.
He katakata iti
He nui rawa te wāriu o te whakatairanga ki te kaitākaro ka tango, ā, ka hoki ki te kāinga.
Ngā Puna
- Bollman, M. Basic Gambling Mathematics: The Numbers Behind the Neon, 2nd ed.
- Epstein, R. A. The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd ed.