Hītori me te Ahurea · Hītori · Ngā Tikanga · 15 meneti

Te Tinihanga i te Rūreti

Nā te whare ngā wīra rūreti tinihanga tuatahi. I ēnei rā ka tinihangatia te mahere peti, he maha ngā wā me te āwhina a tētahi kaitiritiri, ā, kua hangaia ia tēpu whai raihana kia mau ai.

Whakautu poto

E whā ngā mea kua whakaekea e ngā kaitinihanga rūreti: te wīra, i hangaia hei ārahi i te pōro; te peti, ka whakarerekētia i muri i te hua; te kaitiritiri, ka utua kia āwhina; me te pūmanawa rorohiko, ka whakarerekētia kia utu. Ko te wīra kua whakarawekea te taputapu a te whare i ngā whare petipeti ture-kore o te rautau 19 me te tīmatanga o te rautau 20; ināianei ka tirotirohia e ngā whare petipeti whai raihana ia wīra mō ngā autō i mua i te whakatuwheratanga o tētahi tēpu. Ko ngā peti tōmuri, he maha ngā wā e tangohia ana e tētahi kaitiritiri kino, te mea e kitea ana e ngā kōti i ēnei rā. Ehara i te tinihanga te pānui ā-kanohi i tētahi wīra tītaha, i tētahi pōro ka taea te matapae rānei; he hara i Nevada te whakamahi i tētahi pūrere hei mahi pērā.

tikanga tawhito rawa
te wīra kua whakarawekea, nā te whare i whakahaere
tinihanga noa rawa
past-posting (peti tōmuri)
Richard Marcus
tata ki te 25 tau, kāore rawa i whakawhiua
tākaro whai painga
e tika ana ki te ture; ka āhei ngā whare petipeti ki te aukati i a koe

E rua ngā mea rerekē

Ka whakamahi te tākaro whai painga i ngā mōhiohio ka taea e te tangata noa te kohi, he wīra tītahataiwhangaWīra tītahaHe wīra e nui ake ai te tūponotanga o ētahi kōhao i te 1/37 nā ōna hē ā-tinana. He onge, ka kitea anake i ngā mano hurihanga kua tuhia.Pānuitia katoatia →, he pōrotaputapuPōroTe pōro iti ka panga ki te ara, ki te ahunga kōaro ki te rōta. Ko ngā pōro o nāianei he ivorine, he Teflon rānei, 18–21 mm.Pānuitia katoatia → ka taea te matapae rānei, ā, ka peti ki runga i mua i te katinga o ngā peti. Ka whakarerekē te tinihanga i te rūreti i te kēmu: ka tāpiri ki tētahi peti i muri i te mōhiotanga o te hua, ka tango anō i tētahi peti kua hinga, ka huna rānei i te nui o te peti. Ko te tuatahi, e tika ana ki te ture i te nuinga o te wā, ā, ko te whakautu a te whare petipeti he whakatika i te wīra, he aukati rānei i te kaitākaro. Ko te tuarua he tinihanga ā-ture. I Nevada, he hara motuhake te tuku, te whakarerekē rānei i tētahi peti ina mōhiotia te hua. I hopukina ngā kaitākaro o te Ritz i te tau 2004, i tukuna, ā, i whakahokia ā rātou moni i te whakakorenga o te kēhi; ka hāmenetia ngā kaitinihanga peti tōmuri.

E whā ngā huarahi hei tinihanga i te rūreti

E whā ngā wāhi ka taea te whakaeke i tētahi hurihanga tōkeke: te wīra tonu, te peti ina mōhiotia te hua, te kaitiritiri e whakarite ana i ngā peti, ā, i ngā mīhini me te ipurangi, te pūmanawa rorohiko e utu ana. Kua rerekē i te roanga o te wā ko wai e tinihanga ana. I te rautau 19, ko te whare te nuinga. I ēnei rā, ko ngā kaitākaro te nuinga, he maha ngā wā me te āwhina a tētahi kaitiritiri.

tikangako waite mea ka whakarerekētiatōna tūnga ināianei
wīra kua whakarawekea: ngā pakitara teitei ake, he pereki, he ngira, he autō hikote wharete wāhi ka tau te pōroi hokona mā te rārangi hoko i ngā tau 1890; ināianei he taonga whare taonga, ka tirotirohia i mua i te whakatuwheratanga o te tēpu
he wīra, he pōro rānei kua rawekea, i kawea mai e ngā kaitākarongā kaitākarote wāhi ka tau te pōroka whakahuahuatia i ngā kōrero; kāore he kēhi kōti i kitea
past-posting, pinching, capping (te peti tōmuri, te tango anō, te pōtae)ngā kaitākarote peti, i muri i te huate tinihanga tawhito; tirohia te Past-posting i raro
te mahi ngātahi a te kaitiritirihe kaitiritiri me tētahi kaitākarote peti, te wā kati peti rāneikua hāmenetia i ngā whenua e whā mai i te tau 2011
he mīhini, he pūmanawa kēmu rānei kua whakarerekētiangā tāngata o rotote utungahe onge; kotahi kēhi i Rānana, 2007
pūrere matapaengā kaitākarokāore he mea i te tēpu: ka tāpiri mōhiohiohe hara i Nevada mai i te tau 1985

Te wīra rūreti tinihanga, 1890 ki ngā tau 1930

I tōna rautau tuatahi i Amerika, ko te whare te taha tinihanga i te tēpu rūreti i te nuinga o te wā. Ko John Philip Quinn, he kaipetipeti kua huri tōna ara, nāna i whakaahua ngā pūrere i te tau 1890. I mahia tētahi rīwhi i raro i te wīra mā tētahi waewae o te tēpu, i paku poto ake i ērā atu, kia whakarerekē ai te kaitiritiri e whakawhirinaki ana ki runga i te ara o te pōro mai i te wheropetiWheroHe peti utu ōrite ki ngā tau whero e 18. Wīwī: rouge.Pānuitia katoatia → ki te pangopetiPangoHe peti utu ōrite ki ngā tau pango e 18. Wīwī: noir.Pānuitia katoatia →. I tētahi atu wīra, ko te haurua o ngā pakitarataputapuPakitaraTe wehenga whakarewa i waenga i ngā kōhao e rua i te wīra.Pānuitia katoatia →, ngā wehenga konganuku i waenga i ngā kōhaotaputapuKōhaoTētahi o ngā wehenga e 37 kua tauia i te rōta. Arā anō: slot, cup.Pānuitia katoatia →, i paku teitei ake: nā te mea ka whakawhitiwhiti ngā tae, mā te huri i te pōro ki tētahi taha, ki tērā atu rānei, ka āhei te whero, te pango rānei, ā, ka kōwhiria e te kaitiritiri te tae he iti iho te moni. Ko te tuatoru he pokapū teka, i reira ka panaia ake e ngā rākau ētahi ngira koi i mua i ngā kōhao whakawhitiwhiti. I tāia anōtia e Quinn te rārangi hoko a tētahi kaiwhakarato o New York i tuku wīra “that can be made to come Red or Black, or High or Low Number, just as the dealer desires” (ka taea te whakaputa Whero, Pango rānei, Tau Teitei, Hakahaka rānei, kia rite ki te hiahia o te kaitiritiri). Tae rawa ki te tau 1912 i tuhi ia ko te hiko te tikanga rongonui, me ngā waea i kawea ake i tētahi waewae tēpu mai i tētahi pūhiko i te rūma o raro, ā, i tūtohu ia i tētahi kāpehu pūkoro hei kimi: ka piu te ngira ina hohe te iahiko. Kei te National Museum of American History a te Smithsonian tētahi wīra rūreti autō nō ngā tau 1930 i hangaia ki Chicago: ka whakahohea e te kaitiritiri tōna autō hiko ki tētahi pātene hei pana i te pōro i ngā tau e nui ana ngā peti.

Mā tētahi pūhiko i te rūma o raro e whakahiko tētahi autō i raro i te wīra; mā te kāpehu e whāki.

He aha i uaua ai te raweke i tētahi wīra whai raihana

Nō ngā whare kāore he kaiwhakarite te wīra kua whakarawekea. I tētahi whare petipeti whai raihana, kua tuhia ngā here ki ngā ture. He tauira noa ō New Jersey: i mua i te whakatuwheratanga o tētahi tēpu ka tirotirohia te wīra mō ngā autō me ētahi atu pūrere, mō te taurite, mō te huri wātea me te ōrite; ka whakahipaina te pōro ki runga i tētahi autō, kāpehu rānei, ā, me kore rawa he konganuku i roto; ka tuhia ia whakatikatika, ā, ka whakanohoia he uhi kua rakaina ki runga i te wīra ina kati te tēpu. He maha ngā wīra hou ka pānui i te tau toa ki ngā pūoko i te taitapa, ā, ka tukuna ia hua ki te pūmanawa a te whare petipeti, nō reira ka kitea tētahi wīra e manako ana ki ētahi tau i ngā tatauranga ake a te whare. Kāore hoki he take mō te whare ki te tūraru. Ka pupuri tētahi wīra korewīraKoreTe kōhao kākāriki kotahi kāore e kapia e tētahi peti utu ōrite, tatini, tīwae rānei; te pūtake o te painga o te whare. Arā anō: kore kotahi, 0.Pānuitia katoatia → kotahi tōkeke i te 2.70% o ngā peti katoa, ā, ko tētahi kua whakarawekea ka ngaro te raihana.

Me Pēhea te Kite i te Tītaha o te Wīra RūretiTe Painga o te Whare i te Rūreti

Past-posting: te peti tōmuri

Ko te tinihanga rūreti tawhito ko te past-posting: te kuhu i tētahi maramaramoniMaramaraHe tohu e tohu ana i tētahi moni pūmau, ka whakatakotoria ki te mahere peti hei peti. Arā anō: check.Pānuitia katoatia → ki runga, ki raro rānei i tētahi peti toa i muri i te taunga o te pōro, kātahi ka tono i te utungamoniUtungaTe moni ka whakahokia e te peti toa, ka kīia ko “X ki te 1”, hei tāpiri ki te moni peti ka whakahokia.Pānuitia katoatia →. Me whai rōpū. Mā tētahi kaimahi ringa te nekehanga i te wā e pukumahi ana te kaitiritiri, mā tētahi kaitono kāore anō te kaitiritiri kia kite e kohi, ā, mā tētahi kaitiaki e mātaki te papa, ā, ka whakakore i te mahi mā te tohu ringa. Ko te wā tika ko te utunga tonu, ina huri te kaitiritiri ki te tiki maramara mō tētahi toa o waho, ā, kāore e mātakitakina ngā tau o roto mō ētahi hēkona.

nekehangatāna mahihe aha i whai hua ai
past-posting (peti tōmuri)ka tāpiri i tētahi maramara ki tētahi peti toa i muri i te huakei te titiro te kaitiritiri ki wāhi kē
capping (pōtae)ka whakanoho i tētahi maramara uara nui ki raro i tētahi uara iti i tētahi toamai i runga, kāore e rerekē te āhua o te puranga
pinching (tango anō)ka tango anō i tētahi peti kua hinga i mua i te ūkuingaka whakarite te kaitiritiri i tētahi raupapa pūmau
te Savannahka huna i tētahi maramara uara nui ki raro i tētahi uara iti i mua i te hurihangako te peti toa anake ka tino tirohia

Te Tirohanga a te Rangatira Papa

Richard Marcus

He kaitiritiri a Marcus i te Four Queens i Las Vegas i ngā tau 1970 i tōna kuhunga e tētahi rōpū past-posting. Ki tāna ake kōrero, i mahi ia i te taha o taua rōpū, kātahi ka ārahi i tāna ake rōpū, mō te 25 tau pea i te rūreti, te craps me te blackjack, ā, i mutu ia i te tau 2000 pea, kāore rawa i whakawhiua. Ka whakaahuatia e tana haurongo o te tau 2003 te putanga rūreti. Ka hipoki ngā kaitākaro tokorua i te tatinipetiTatini1–12, 13–24, 25–36 rānei, ko te utunga 2:1.Pānuitia katoatia → tuatoru, i ia maramara, i ia hurihanga, tae noa ki tōna putanga; i te wā e utu ana te kaitiritiri i te tatini, ka kuhu tētahi ringa i tētahi maramara $100 ki raro i tētahi puranga tau kotahi kua toa. Kua tuku kē te kaitono i tētahi peti tau kotahi $100 pono, nō reira ka maumahara te papa ki a ia hei kaitākaro o taua rahi, ā, e $3,500 te uara o te nekehanga. Mō te whakapukumahi i te mahere petitaputapuMahere petiTe tukutuku peti kua tāia ki te tēpu. Arā anō: tēpu, kākahu tēpu, felt.Pānuitia katoatia →, ko te painga o te wharepāngarauPainga o te whareTe wāhanga o ia moni peti ka puritia e te whare petipeti i te toharite: 2.70% i te rūreti Ūropi.Pānuitia katoatia → anake i ā rātou peti hipoki te utu ki te rōpū.

I te wā e utu ana te kaitiritiri i te tatini, ka kuhu tētahi maramara ki raro i tētahi puranga tau kotahi kua toa.

Te Savannah

Ko te nekehanga rongonui rawa a Marcus ehara rawa i te past-post. I mua i te hurihanga ka whakanohoia e ia tētahi maramara $5 ki runga i tētahi maramara $5,000 i tētahi peti o wahopetiPeti o wahoHe peti ki ngā pouaka e karapoti ana i te tukutuku: ngā tatini, ngā tīwae me ngā peti utu ōrite.Pānuitia katoatia →, ā, ka panaia whakamuri te maramara nui kia kite noa te kaitiritiri i tētahi puranga iti. Mēnā ka toa te peti, ka kitea e te kaitiritiri te maramara nui, ā, ka utua: $5,005 ki te whero, $10,010 ki tētahi tatini. Mēnā ka hinga, ka hīkina e Marcus te puranga i mua i te ūkuinga, ā, ki te whakapātaritaritia, ka whakatakotoria e ia ngā maramara $5 e rua kua huna kē ki tōna ringa; ko te kaitiritiri, i pānui i te peti hei $10, kāore i kite i tētahi hē. He pono ia peti toa, ā, i ngaro ia peti hinga. E ai ki ngā kōrero o muri mai, tata ki te $5 miriona i puta i a ia i mua i te mutunga o te utu a ngā whare petipeti.

Ngā mahi a ngā tāngata o roto

Ko te nuinga o te tinihanga rūreti ka tae ki te kōti i ēnei rā, kei roto tētahi kaitiritiri. Ko te tikanga noa ko te peti tōmuri: ka tuku te kaitiritiri i tētahi hoa kia tuku peti, kia tāpiri rānei ki tētahi peti i muri i te taunga o te pōro, ka tuku wawe rānei i te pōro kia uru ai tētahi peti i mua i te kati hiko. He onge te nui o ngā moni, ā, ka kitea ngā kēhi i te nuinga o te wā mā te kāmera i runga ake i ia tēpu, mā tētahi kaitākaro rānei e toa tonu ana i te tēpu o tētahi kaitiritiri kotahi.

i whakawhiuawhare petipetite mea i putate hua
2012L’Auberge du Lac, Lake Charles, Louisianai te tau 2011 i tukua e ngā kaitiritiri tokorua ngā kaitākaro tokorua kia peti i muri i te huate kaiwhakarite: 37 marama i te whare herehere ā-motu me te $909,700 utu whakahoki
2013SkyCity, Kirikiriroa, Aotearoai tango tētahi kaitiritiri i ngā peti tōmuri, ā, i tuku wawe i te pōro i te rūreti tere; NZ$52,000mauhere ā-kāinga mō te kaitiritiri; tokorua ngā kaitākaro i whakawhiua
2015Coral Island, Blackpool, Ingarangii tohu ngā kurupiē tokorua ki tētahi kaitākaro; tata ki te £23,00014 me 12 marama mō ngā kurupiē; 9 marama i whakatārewatia mō te kaitākaro
2023Marina Bay Sands, Hingapoai utu tētahi kaitākaro i tētahi kaitiritiri mō ia tau ōna i puta28 wiki mō ia tangata; i kitea mā te tirotiro auau

Ngā Tikanga a te Kaitiritiri Rūreti

Ngā mīhini me te pūmanawa rorohiko

Ka nekehia e te rūreti hiko te whāinga mai i ngā maramara ki te waehere. I te raumati o te tau 2007, i whakarerekētia e ngā kaikirimana IT tokorua i tētahi rōpū whare petipeti o Rānana tōna pūnaha kia tāia ai e ngā mīhini i ngā tēpu rūreti ora ngā pepa toa, tae atu ki te £600 te uara o ia pepa, ahakoa he aha te tau i puta. I whakamonitia e rāua tata ki te £33,000 i ngā whare petipeti e whā, i whakaae he hara tāhae tā rāua, ā, i whakawhiua ki ngā whiu whakatārewa i te tau 2010. Ā-ipurangi, ko te tūraru ki te kaitākaro he kaiwhakahaere kāore he raihana, kāore he tangata e whakamātau ana i tōna pūmanawa. Mō ngā kēmu whai raihana, kāore he whakataunga a tētahi kaiwhakarite i kitea e mātou mō tētahi pūwhakaputa rūreti kua whakarawekea. Ko ngā mea e tae ana ki ngā kōti ko ngā hapa: i te tau 2021 i whakakorea e BetMGM te raupapa a tētahi kaitākaro o Michigan mai i te $50 ki te $3.3 miriona pea i tētahi kēmu rūreti ā-ipurangi hei hapa pūmanawa, ā, i te tau 2025 i tukua e te Kōti Mana Nui o taua kāwanatanga tana whakawā kia haere tonu. Ko te hapa kāore te whare petipeti e pīrangi ki te utu he tautohe mō tētahi kirimana, ehara i te taunakitanga i whakarawekea te kēmu.

Ngā Pūrere Rūreti Hiko

Ngā pūrere, me te wāhi e tuhia ai te raina e te ture

Ehara te matapae i te pōro i te tinihanga ki a ia anō. Ko te pānui i tētahi wīra tītaha, pērā i tā Joseph Jagger me te whānau García-Pelayo, ka whakamahi i ngā mōhiohio ka taea e te tangata noa te kohi. I whakatau te Kōti Mana Nui o Pāniora i te tau 2004 i whakamahia e ngā García-Pelayo te mōhio me tētahi rorohiko, ehara i te tinihanga, ā, ko te rongoā a te whare petipeti he whakarerekē i ōna wīra. He rerekē te kawe i te rorohiko ki te tēpu. Kua meinga e Nevada he hara te whakamahi, te pupuri rānei i tētahi pūrere i hoahoatia hei matapae i te hua o tētahi kēmu, hei tātari rānei i ōna tūponotanga, ā, kua kīia he hara taimaha mai i te tau 1985. Ka meinga e te Gambling Act 2005 o Peretānia he hara te tinihanga, ā, e kī ana ka taea e ia te noho hei pokanoa ki te tukanga o te kēmu; i te tau 2017 i whakatau te Kōti Mana Nui o UK, i Ivey v Genting, kāore e tika kia ngākau teka te tangata kia kīia ai he tinihanga tāna.

He tōkeke te pānui i tētahi wīra; ko te kawe rorohiko ki te tēpu, tērā pea he hara.

Ngā Rorohiko RūretiGonzalo García-Pelayo: Te Pūnaha RūretiJoseph Jagger: Te Rautaki Rūreti i Monte Carlo

Ngā kōrero e whakahuahuatia ana e ia tuhinga tinihanga

E rua ngā kōrero ka puta i ia whārangi, i ia whārangi mō ngā kaitinihanga rūreti, ā, kāore e taea te whai i tētahi ki tētahi puna. Ko Pierre Dugal, he tangata Wīwī e kīia ana i whakarawekea e ia ngā wīra i te tīmatanga o te rautau 19, ā, i tinihangatia e tana wahine, ka puta kāore he rā, kāore he whare petipeti, kāore he whakawā. Ko Monique Laurent, e kīia ana i ārahi ia i tētahi pōro e whakahaerehia ana e te reo irirangi mai i tētahi pūtuku i huna ki tētahi pouaka hikareti i ngā tau 1970, ka puta i ētahi putanga e tautohe ana mō te whare petipeti, te nui o te moni, “5 miriona wherengi” “$1 miriona” rānei, ā, mēnā i hopukina rānei ia. Kāore he niupepa, he rekoata kōti, he pukapuka rānei o taua wā i kitea e mātou mō tētahi o rāua. E rua anō ngā kōrero he hē noa: i whakataua te kēhi a García-Pelayo i Pāniora, ehara i te Kōti Mana Nui o Amerika, ā, ko Richard Marcus, ki tāna ake kōrero me ngā uiui o muri mai, kāore rawa i whakawhiua.

Te hopu a te whare petipeti

Ko te nuinga o ngā mahi auau a te kaitiritiri he ārai i ngā nekehanga maramara o runga ake. Ka katia e te “kua kati ngā petitikangaKua kati ngā petiTe karanga a te kaitiritiri (te tohu i te mata rānei) e kati ana i ngā peti. Kua kore e taea te whakatakoto, te neke, te tango rānei i ngā maramara.Pānuitia katoatia →” te mahere peti i mua i te taunga o te pōro. Ka tohu te tohutaputapuTohuTe tohu ka whakatakotoria ki te tau toa i te mahere peti i te wā e whakaotia ana ngā peti.Pānuitia katoatia → i te tau toa, ā, kāore he mea i runga i te kākahu tēpu e āhei ana ki te neke i te wā e takoto ana. Ka ūkuia ngā maramara hinga i mua i te utu i tētahi toa, nō reira e kore e taea te tango anō i tētahi peti hinga i te wā o te utunga. Ka karanga te kaitiritiri e kite ana i tētahi maramara uara nui i te mahere peti ki te papa, ā, koinā te take i tuku tuatahi ai te kaitono a Marcus i tana peti nui pono. Mā ngā maramara taetēpuMaramara taeHe maramara mō te rūreti anake, he tae motuhake mō ia kaitākaro i te tēpu, me te uara ka whakaritea i te hokonga. Arā anō: wheel checks.Pānuitia katoatia →, kotahi tae mō ia kaitākaro, e tū motuhake ai te maramara a tētahi tauhou, ā, ka hopukina e ngā kāmera o runga ia utunga hei arotake. Mā te toenga o te whare petipeti e hipoki ētahi atu tikanga.

tūrarute ārai
he autō, he wīra kua whakarawekea rāneite tirotiro i mua i te whakatuwheratanga o te tēpu, he pōro kore konganuku, he uhi kua rakaina i te pō
he peti i whakarerekētia i muri i te hua“kua kati ngā peti”, te tohu ki te tau toa, ka kohia ngā peti hinga i mua i te utu i ngā toa
he kaitiritiri e mahi tahi ana me tētahi kaitākarongā kāmera i runga ake i ia tēpu, ka hurihia ngā kaitiritiri i waenga i ngā tēpu, ka whāia ngā hua i ia kaitākaro, i ia kaitiritiri
ngā maramara rūpahungā maramara me ngā tūtohu reo irirangi (RFID), i whakaritea mō Wynn Las Vegas, i tuwhera i te tau 2005
he wīra ka paheke i tōna tikaka tuhia e te wīra ia hua, ā, ka tirotirohia mō ngā tau ka kaha rawa te puta

Ngā Maramara Rūreti me te Hoko Maramara

Te tikanga mō te kaitākaro noa

I tētahi whare petipeti whai raihana, he hītori te wīra kua whakarawekea, ā, ko ngā kaitinihanga i te tēpu e tāhae ana i te whare petipeti, kaua i ngā kaitākaro i tō rātou taha. Kāore he nekehanga tika ki te ture i te tēpu e hinga ai tētahi wīra tōkeke, ā, kāore he mahi a tētahi kaitinihanga rūreti e whakarerekē ana i ngā tūpono mō tētahi atu. E rua ngā tikanga e kore ai te kaitākaro e whakapaetia. Waiho ō maramara i te wā e takoto ana te tohu, ahakoa ngā mea toa, nā te mea ko te toro atu ki a rātou i taua wā he rite tonu ki te nekehanga e tiakina ana e ngā kāmera. Ā, whakakāhoretia tētahi kaitiritiri e tuku ana ki te āwhina, nā te mea ko te peti tōmuri i tangohia hei manaakitanga, he hara ōrite ki te peti i hokona. Ā-ipurangi, tākaro anake ki ngā wāhi ka taea te raihana a te kaiwhakahaere te tirotiro me te kaiwhakarite. Ko te kēmu kāore he raihana te wāhi kotahi e tūtaki ai te kaitākaro o ēnei rā ki te wīra o te tau 1890.

Ngā pātai

Ka tika ā-ture te past-posting i ētahi wā?

Kāore. He tinihanga ā-ture te whakarerekē i tētahi peti ina mōhiotia te hua, i ngā wāhi katoa e tika ana te kēmu ki te ture.

He tinihanga te whakamahi i tētahi rorohiko hei matapae i te pōro?

I Nevada, he hara taimaha te whakamahi i tētahi pūrere pērā mai i te tau 1985. I ētahi atu wāhi he rerekē te ture; tirohia te Tākaro Whai Painga.

I mau a Richard Marcus?

He maha ngā wā i uiuia ai ia, ā, ki tāna ake kōrero me ngā uiui o muri mai, kāore rawa i whakawhiua. Mai i taua wā kua tohutohu ia i ngā whare petipeti mō te tiaki kēmu.

Ka taea tētahi wīra rūreti te raweke ki ngā autō?

Kua pērā: kei te Smithsonian tētahi wīra nō ngā tau 1930 i hangaia mō tērā. Ka tirotiro ngā whare petipeti whai raihana mō ngā autō i mua i te whakatuwheratanga o tētahi tēpu, ā, i New Jersey me kore rawa he konganuku i roto i te pōro.

Ka ahatia te kaitiritiri e tango ana i ngā peti tōmuri?

Ka hāmenetia. Kua whakawhiua ngā kaitiritiri me ō rātou hoa i Amerika, i Aotearoa, i Ingarangi me Hingapoa.

He Pārekareka te Pāngarau

Me whakamātau koe i ēnei i te tuatahi. Kua kōpakina ia otinga; whakatuwherahia ina rite koe.

  1. Ka whakapukumahi tētahi rōpū tuku peti tōmuri (past-posting) i te mahere petitaputapuMahere petiTe tukutuku peti kua tāia ki te tēpu. Arā anō: tēpu, kākahu tēpu, felt.Pānuitia katoatia → mā te kapi i te tatinipetiTatini1–12, 13–24, 25–36 rānei, ko te utunga 2:1.Pānuitia katoatia → tuatoru i ia hurihanga i te wīra Amerika: e 4 ngā maramaramoniMaramaraHe tohu e tohu ana i tētahi moni pūmau, ka whakatakotoria ki te mahere peti hei peti. Arā anō: check.Pānuitia katoatia → ki ia tau mai i te 25 ki te 36, ā, e 20 ngā maramara ki te pouaka tatini. He aha tāna e toa ai ina pā te tatini, he aha tāna e ngaro ai ina hapa, ā, he aha te utu o te tatari?

    Whakaaturia te otinga

    Whakautu +136 maramara ina pā, −68 ina hapa, nō reira i te toharite ka ngaro i te rōpū te 3.58 maramara i ia hurihanga, te 5.26% noa o te 68. Ka pā te tatini tata ki te kotahi i ia hurihanga 3.2.

    I ia hurihanga ka tukuna ngā maramara 68. Mēnā ka puta tētahi o te 25 ki te 36, ka toa ngā maramara 4 i runga i te 35 ki te 1, ā, ka hoki mai me tā rātou moni peti: 144 maramara. Ka utu te tatini i te 2 ki te 1 i ngā maramara 20: 60 ka hoki mai. Arā 204 mō te 68 i petihia, +136. Ki te kore, ka ngaro katoa ngā 68.

    Toharite: (12 × 136 − 26 × 68)/38 = (1,632 − 1,768)/38 = −3.58 maramara i ia hurihanga, arā ko te 5.26% o te 68. Ka puta te tatini 12 wā i ngā 38, kotahi i ia hurihanga 3.2 i te toharite.

    Nō reira kāore he utu o te uhi ki te rōpū i tua atu i te painga o te wharepāngarauPainga o te whareTe wāhanga o ia moni peti ka puritia e te whare petipeti i te toharite: 2.70% i te rūreti Ūropi.Pānuitia katoatia →, ā, ka hokona e ia ngā mea e hiahiatia ana e te mahi: he take hei noho ki te tēpu, me tētahi utungamoniUtungaTe moni ka whakahokia e te peti toa, ka kīia ko “X ki te 1”, hei tāpiri ki te moni peti ka whakahokia.Pānuitia katoatia → e tahuri kē ai te titiro a te kaitiritiri.

  2. Nā te wīra a Quinn o te 1890, he teitei ake ōna pakitarataputapuPakitaraTe wehenga whakarewa i waenga i ngā kōhao e rua i te wīra.Pānuitia katoatia →, i taea ai e te kaitiritiri te ārahi i te pōrotaputapuPōroTe pōro iti ka panga ki te ara, ki te ahunga kōaro ki te rōta. Ko ngā pōro o nāianei he ivorine, he Teflon rānei, 18–21 mm.Pānuitia katoatia → ki te wheropetiWheroHe peti utu ōrite ki ngā tau whero e 18. Wīwī: rouge.Pānuitia katoatia →, ki te pangopetiPangoHe peti utu ōrite ki ngā tau pango e 18. Wīwī: noir.Pānuitia katoatia → rānei. Whakaarohia ka mahi te ārahi kotahi anake i ngā hurihanga 18, he tōkeke ērā atu, i runga i te wīra korewīraKoreTe kōhao kākāriki kotahi kāore e kapia e tētahi peti utu ōrite, tatini, tīwae rānei; te pūtake o te painga o te whare. Arā anō: kore kotahi, 0.Pānuitia katoatia →-rua, ā, ka ārahi tonu te kaitiritiri ki te tae kē atu i te tae i petihia e koe. He aha te utu o te peti $10 ki te whero ināianei? Kia hia te auau me mahi te ārahi kia puritia e te whare te hautoru o ia peti?

    Whakaaturia te otinga

    Whakautu Ko te kotahi i ngā hurihanga 18 ka whakarua i te painga o te whare, mai i te 5.26% ki te 10.53%: $1.05 i ia peti, kaua ko te $0.53. Kia puritia te hautoru o ia peti, me mahi te ārahi 8 hurihanga i ngā 27, tata ki te 30% o te wā.

    I te hurihanga tōkeke ka toa te whero 18 wā i ngā 38. E kore rawa te hurihanga kua ārahina e toa. Mēnā ka mahi te ārahi ko te tūponotangapāngarauTūponotangaTe tūpono o tētahi putanga, mai i te 0 ki te 1, mai i te 0% ki te 100% rānei. Tau kotahi: 1/37 = 2.70%.Pānuitia katoatia → s, ka toa te whero ko te tūponotanga (1 − s) × 18/38.

    Me s = 1/18: (17/18) × (18/38) = 17/38. Ka toa te peti i te $10 ko te tūpono 17/38, ka ngaro te $10 ko te tūpono 21/38, he toharite o te −$40/38 = −$1.05, arā ko te 10.53% o te moni peti. Ko te tatauranga o te wīra tōkeke ko te −$20/38 = −$0.53, arā 5.26%.

    Mō te hautoru: ko te uara o te peti ko te 2p − 1 o te moni peti, ko p te tūpono o te toa, nō reira mā te 2p − 1 = −1/3 ka puta p = 1/3. Kātahi (1 − s) × 18/38 = 1/3, nō reira 1 − s = 38/54, ā, s = 16/54 = 8/27, tata ki te 29.6%.

    Koia i tika ai te tūraru o te wīra kua raweketia mō te whare tinihanga, ā, koia i taea ai te whakamahi i te iti: ko te ārahi i te hurihanga kotahi i ngā tekau mā waru, ki ngā peti nui rawa anake, he uaua te kite mai i te taha o te tēpu, ā, ka whakaruatia te riro.

    hurihanga kua ārahinaka toa te wheroka puritia e te whare
    kāore18 i ngā 385.26%
    1 i ngā 1817 i ngā 3810.53%
    1 i ngā 615 i ngā 3821.05%
    8 i ngā 271 i ngā 333.33%
    katoakore rawa100%

He katakata iti

He pono te wīra, nō reira kei ngā maramara te mātakitaki.

He pono te wīra, nō reira kei ngā maramara te mātakitaki.

Ngā Puna

  1. Marcus, R. American Roulette: How I Turned the Odds Upside Down. St. Martin’s Press, 2003.
  2. CDC Gaming Reports. “Richard Marcus: from the wrong side of the casino tables to the right.” 2023.
  3. Goldman, N. Great Gambling Scams. John Blake, 2007.
  4. Nevada Revised Statutes, chapter 465. Ngā wāhanga 465.070 (ngā mahi tinihanga) me 465.075 (ngā pūrere).
  5. Quinn, J. P. Fools of Fortune; or, Gambling and Gamblers. G. L. Howe & Co., Chicago, 1890. Upoko IV, rūreti.
  6. Quinn, J. P. Gambling and Gambling Devices. Canton, Ohio, 1912.
  7. Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette. CRC Press, 2021. Upoko 2, rūreti.
  8. National Museum of American History. Roulette wheel, H. C. Evans & Co., Chicago, 1930s. Taonga 1984.0540.01, he koha nā Russell T. Barnhart.
  9. New Jersey Administrative Code. N.J.A.C. 13:69E-1.8 me 1.9 (ngā pōro rūreti me te tirotiro wīra); 13:69F-5.3 (te kohi me te utu peti).
  10. Federal Bureau of Investigation, New Orleans. “Leader of conspiracy to defraud L’Auberge Casino in Lake Charles sentenced in federal court.” Pānui pāpāho, 27 Mahuru 2012.
  11. Department of Internal Affairs, New Zealand. “Hamilton Casino cheats penalised.” Pānui pāpāho, 27 Here-turi-kōkā 2013.
  12. Blackpool Gazette. “Croupiers jailed for casino scam.” Pipiri 2015.
  13. The Register. “IT contractors convicted of UK casino hack scam.” 15 Poutūterangi 2010.
  14. Marraco, M. “‘Los Pelayos’ vencen al casino en la ruleta y en el Supremo.” El Mundo, 23 Pipiri 2004.
  15. Gambling Act 2005 (c. 19). Wāhanga 42, tinihanga.
  16. Ivey v Genting Casinos (UK) Ltd. [2017] UKSC 67.
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