Ka Taea te Hinga i te Rūreti? Me Pēhea te Toa i te Rūreti
Me pēhea te toa i te rūreti? Kaua mā tētahi tauira peti. Tērā pea, i ngā rā o mua, mā tētahi wīra hapa, mā tētahi kaitiritiri ka taea te matapae rānei, ā, mā te whakapau kaha nui rawa anake.
E kore e taea e ngā pūnaha peti te hinga i te rūreti: ka tāpiri ngā uara tūmanakopāngarauUara tūmanakoTe hua toharite mō ia peti i te wā roa. −1/37 o te moni peti mō ia peti Ūropi paerewa.Pānuitia katoatia →, ā, he tōraro ia peti. Ko ngā toa anake kua tuhia i ahu mai i te whakamahi i te ahupūngao, ehara i ngā tauira.
He aha i rahua ai ngā pūnaha
Ko te EV o ia peti = −1/37 o tōna moni peti. Ko te EV o tētahi raupapa peti, ahakoa te kōwhiri mai i ngā hua o mua, = −1/37 o te tapeke i petihia. He ariā tēnei mō ngā tapeke o ngā taurangi matapōkere, ehara i te kitenga ka taea e tētahi pūnaha pai ake te whakahē. Nā Joseph Doob rāua ko Paul Halmos i whakamatau i ngā tau 1930, ā, nā Edward Thorp, nāna i hinga te blackjack mā te tatau kāri, i whakatakoto ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana: he tōraro ia peti, he hurihanga motuhakepāngarauNgā hurihanga motuhakeHe ōrite ngā tūponotanga o ia hurihanga, ahakoa te hītori. Koia te tūāpapa o ia tātaitanga i tēnei pae.Pānuitia katoatia →, he tepe nui me te tepe iti o te tēpu. Kei tāna pukapuka ako o 1966 tētahi whakamatautanga māmā.
He aha kua whai hua
E toru ngā mea, e pā ana katoa ki te wīra ā-tinana. Tītaha: he wīra kāore ōna kōhaotaputapuKōhaoTētahi o ngā wehenga e 37 kua tauia i te rōta. Arā anō: slot, cup.Pānuitia katoatia → i te ōrite te tūponotanga, ka kitea mā te tuhi i ngā mano hurihanga. Matapae: te ine wā o te pōrotaputapuPōroTe pōro iti ka panga ki te ara, ki te ahunga kōaro ki te rōta. Ko ngā pōro o nāianei he ivorine, he Teflon rānei, 18–21 mm.Pānuitia katoatia → me te rōtataputapuRōtaTe wāhanga o te wīra e huri ana, e mau ana i ngā kōhao.Pānuitia katoatia → hei whakatau tata i te wāhangawīraWāhangaHe pewa kōhao honohono i te wīra, he rerekē i tētahi rōpū i te mahere peti.Pānuitia katoatia → ka taka ai, i mahia ki ngā rorohiko huna mai i ngā tau 1970. Waitohu kaitiritiri: te whakapae he ōrite tonu te tuku a tētahi kaitiritiri kia taea ai te matapae i te takanga, kāore anō kia tino whakaaturia. Ko ngā mea e toru e hiahia ana ki tētahi wīra ā-tinana, ki te mātakitaki roa, ki tētahi whare petipeti kāore anō kia kite.
Ka tukuna e Joseph Jagger kia tuhia ngā wīra i Monte Carlo, ka kitea ngā tau e puta auau rawa ana, ā, ka toa nui kia nekehia rā anō e te whare petipeti ōna wīra, kātahi ka whakakapia.
Ka “whati i te pēke” a Charles Wells me te waimarie mīharo me tētahi pūnaha kāore rawa ia i whakamārama. Ka hoki mai ia i taua takurua, ā, ka ngaro anō tētahi wāhanga.
Ka hanga e Edward Thorp rāua ko Claude Shannon te rorohiko tuatahi ka taea te mau hei ine wā i te pōro rūreti. He mahi kōmitimiti te pūrere; ka whakarērea te kaupapa.
Ka whakamahi ngā Eudaemons nō Santa Cruz i ngā rorohiko huna i ngā whare petipeti o Nevada. He painga tūturu, he hiko kāore e pono, kāore he rawa nui.
Ka tuhia e Gonzalo García-Pelayo me tōna whānau ngā hurihanga 5,000 pea ia wīra e tata ana ki Madrid, ka kitea ngā wīra tītaha, ka toa, ka aukatia, ā, ka whakakorea te aukati e te kōti.
Ka toa ngā kaitākaro tokotoru i te £1.3 miriona i te Ritz i Rānana mā te matapae i te takanga o te pōro. I pūrongotia he taiaho, engari kāore rawa i whakaaturia i noho; ka pupuri rātou i ngā moni toa.
Ka whakaputa a Small rāua ko Tse i tētahi pepa ahupūngao e whakaatu ana ka taea tētahi painga ōrau torutoru mā te ine wā i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiwhanga.
He aha kāore ai e whai hua ināianei
Ka hurihia e ngā whare petipeti ngā upoko wīrataputapuUpoko wīraHe kupu ōrite ki te rōta: te wāhanga e huri ana, e mau ana i ngā tau.Pānuitia katoatia → i waenga i ngā peihanataputapuPeihanaTe wāhanga o waho o te wīra kāore e neke: te taha rākau, rauemi hanumi rānei e pupuri ana i te ara pōro me te pāpātītaha, ā, kei roto te rōta e huri ana.Pānuitia katoatia →, ka whakapaetia ngā peihana, ka inea ngā kōhao, ā, ka whakakapia ngā pakitarataputapuPakitaraTe wehenga whakarewa i waenga i ngā kōhao e rua i te wīra.Pānuitia katoatia → i runga i te wātaka, e hinga ai te tītaha. Ka kati ngā taiwhanga pāho ora i te peti i mua i te pōturitanga o te pōro, ā, ka whakapūmau i te takaware o te pāho, e hinga ai te ine wā. Ka whakahara te nuinga o ngā mana ture i ngā taputapu matapae. Ka tohutohungia ngā kaitiritiri kia rerekē ā rātou tuku. Ko te whakautu pono mō te wīra hōu, e tiakina ana, i tētahi whare petipeti, taiwhanga pāho rānei whai raihana, ko te kāo.
Me pēhea te hinga i te rūreti, ā-ariā anake: ngā mea e hiahiatia ana
Me kī ka pā tētahi kōhao 1 i ia 33, kaua ko te 1 i ia 37. Ko te EV o te tau kotahipetiTau kotahiHe tau kotahi, ko te utunga 35:1.Pānuitia katoatia → ki runga = 35/33 − 32/33 = +3/33 ≈ +9%. Kia mōhio ai he tītaha te kōhao, ehara i te waimarie, me tata ki te 10,000 ngā hurihanga kua tuhia mai i taua wīra tonu; kia whakamahia ai, me noho te wīra kia kaua e hurihia i a koe e peti ana. Ka whakamārama ngā whārangi o te Taiwhanga i ngā tatauranga; ka whakamārama ngā whārangi hītori i ngā mea i pā ki ngā tāngata nā rātou i mahi.
Te whakautu pono
Mō te kaipānui whai pūnaha: e kore e whai hua, ā, ka taea e koe te whakaū i tēnā ki ngā taputapu whaihanga o tēnei pae i tētahi ahiahi. Mō te kaipānui whai pukatuhi me te manawanui: kei te ariā te tītaha, ā, ka whakakorea ā-hangarau i te mahi. Mō te katoa: he hoko te rūreti. Utua he utu e pai ana koe, i te tere ka kōwhiria e koe, i runga i te wīra kotahi te korewīraKoreTe kōhao kākāriki kotahi kāore e kapia e tētahi peti utu ōrite, tatini, tīwae rānei; te pūtake o te painga o te whare. Arā anō: kore kotahi, 0.Pānuitia katoatia →, me te la partagetureLa partageHe ture Wīwī: ina puta te kore, ka whakahokia te haurua o te moni peti utu ōrite. Ka haurua te painga o te whare i aua peti ki te 1.35%.Pānuitia katoatia → mēnā ka kitea e koe.
Ngā pātai
Kāo. Ko ngā “toa” pūnaha rongonui pērā i a Charles Wells i toa i te waimarie, ā, i ngaro anō tētahi wāhanga.
Ā-ariā. I tētahi whare petipeti, taiwhanga pāho rānei hōu, ka kitea, ka whakatikaina i mua i te rawaka o āu raraunga hei whakamahi.
Kāo i te nuinga o ngā mana ture, ā, e kore e taea te whakamahi ki ngā tēpu ora e kati ana i te peti i mua i te pōturitanga o te pōro.
He katakata iti
Ko te ahupūngao, ehara i ngā tauira. Ā, kua kore ināianei.
Ngā Puna
- RouletteDoc. He tirohanga whānui ki ngā rautaki rūreti.
- Roulette77. He tirohanga whānui ki ngā rautaki rūreti.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Thorp, E. O. Elementary Probability.
- Doob, J. L. “Note on probability.”
- Halmos, P. R. “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations: the mathematical theory of gambling systems.”
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Small, M. & Tse, C. K. “Predicting the outcome of roulette.”
- Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel.
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”