Ngā Kaitākaro Rūreti Rongonui

Joseph Jagger (1830–1892)

He kaipakihi kākahu nō Shelf, e tata ana ki Bradford, i hinga tana kamupene i Manchester i 1860. Tata ki 1880 i haere ia ki Monte Carlo, i whakaritea kia tuhia ngā hurihanga o ngā wīra, ā, i peti ki ngā tau i puta auau rawa. Ko te kōrero tōmua rawa, te pukapuka a Victor Bethell o 1901, e kī ana i toa ia i te £120,000, i hoki atu te £40,000, ā, i wehe me te tata ki te £80,000, tata ki te rua miriona parāne, ā, i te tuatahi i nekehia e te whare petipeti ōna wīra mai i tētahi tēpu ki tētahi ia pō, kātahi ka tono i ētahi hou me ngā pakitara ka taea te neke. Kāore he niupepa o taua wā i pūrongo i te toa, ā, kua ngaro ngā pepa a te whare petipeti mō aua tau. Ko tōna kaituhi haurongo a Anne Fletcher (2018), he mokopuna tuarima nō tōna tuahine, e whakatau ana i te toronga tuatahi ki 1880, ki 1881 rānei, kaua ki te 1873, ki te 1875 rānei o ngā kōrero tawhito. Nā Bethell ngā karaka e ono i utua; ko te rārangi o ngā tau e iwa me te raku e kīia ana i tapahia e ia ki tētahi wīra, i puta tuatahi i 1951, ā, kāore he mea hei tautoko. I tōna matenga i 1892 he iti noa ana rawa. Ka tirohia e te whārangi Joseph Jagger ngā taunakitanga.

Joseph Jagger: Te Rautaki Rūreti i Monte Carlo

Charles Wells (1841–1922)

He tangata tinihanga, he kaiwaihanga, i tae ki Monte Carlo i 1891 me ngā moni i kohia mō tētahi waihanga rūpahu, ā, i whati i a ia te pēke i ētahi wā i roto i ngā rā torutoru, i toa i te tata ki te £40,000 me tētahi raupapa mīharo. I kī ia he pūnaha tōna e kore e hapa, ā, kāore rawa i whakamāramatia e ia. I noho ia hei “The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” i tētahi waiata whare puoro, i hoki atu tētahi wāhanga o te moni i taua takurua, ā, i noho ia ki te whare herehere mō te nuinga o te toenga o tōna oranga mō te tinihanga. Ahakoa he aha tana pūnaha, he waimarie tāna hua.

Te Tangata i Whati ai te Pēke

Hibbs rāua ko Walford (1947)

I 1947 i noho ngā tauira tokorua o te Whare Wānanga o Chicago, a Albert Hibbs, e whakaoti ana i te tohu paerua pāngarau, rāua ko Roy Walford, he tauira rongoā, i tētahi hararei i Reno e tuhi ana i ngā hurihanga. I rapu rāua i ngā wīra i puta ai ētahi tau i te maha ake i tā te 1 i te 38 e whakaae ana, i kitea ētahi, i peti ki a rātou, ā, i nuku ki Las Vegas. I kōrerotia e te maheni Life te kōrero i Tīhema 1947 i raro i te upoko “How to Win $6,500”; ko ngā kōrero o muri mai, tae atu ki tā Hibbs ake, he nui ake ngā tapeke, ā, i tuhi a Thorp i 1998 i whakatau ki 1949–50. I utua e te moni he poti rā 40 putu me te neke atu i te tau i te Karapiana. I haere a Hibbs ki te Jet Propulsion Laboratory, ā, ko ia te reo tūmatanui rongonui rawa o reira, ā, i noho a Walford hei kairangahau mō te kaumātuatanga. Ko tā rāua te toa tuatahi o Amerika kua tino tuhia nō te tītaha wīra, ā, koinei te mea i whakaarohia e Thorp i 1955 i tana whakatau me hinga ngā wīra kua pai te hanga mā te ahupūngao kē.

Norman Leigh (1966)

I te raumati o 1966, ko Norman Leigh, he Ingarihi i tuhi i whakangaromia tōna matua e te rūreti, i kawe i tētahi rōpū tekau mā rua ki te Casino Municipal i Nice. E ai ki tāna ake kōrero, i tākaro rātou i te LabouchèrerautakiLabouchèreHe pūnaha whakakore: tuhia he rārangi tau, petihia te tapeke o ngā pito e rua, whakakorea i muri i te toa, tāpiritia te moni peti kua ngaro i muri i te hinga.Pānuitia katoatia → kōaro i ngā tūpono ōrite e ono katoa i ngā tēpu e rua, i toa nui i ētahi pō, ā, i whakamutua i te katinga o ngā tēpu e te whare petipeti me te aukati i a rātou i ngā whare petipeti o Wīwī. Ko tana pukapuka, Thirteen Against the Bank (1976), te kaititiro katoa anake, ā, e kore e taea te tirotiro ōna tātai. E kore te pūnaha e taea te whakamārama: ko te Labouchère kōaro ka utu i te 1.35% o te tapeke petimoniTapeke petiTe tapeke o te moni kua petihia i roto i te wā tākaro, i tētahi wā rānei, tae atu ki ngā moni toa kua petihia anō. Arā anō: handle, action.Pānuitia katoatia → me te la partagetureLa partageHe ture Wīwī: ina puta te kore, ka whakahokia te haurua o te moni peti utu ōrite. Ka haurua te painga o te whare i aua peti ki te 1.35%.Pānuitia katoatia →, ā, ka toa anake i ētahi wā tākaro onge ka piki te rārangi ki te mōrahi (tirohia te Labouchère). Tekau mā rua ngā kaitākaro i ngā tūpono e ono i ētahi pō, he maha ngā wā tākaro, ko ētahi he toa nui pū, ā, nā te katinga o te kēmu e te whare petipeti i kore ai te waimarie e taurite.

Pakiwaitara: He Rautaki Rūreti e Toa Ana i ngā Wā KatoaTe Rautaki Rūreti Labouchère

Thorp rāua ko Shannon (1961)

Ko Edward Thorp, nāna i hinga te blackjack i muri mai mā te tatau kāri, rāua ko Claude Shannon, te kaiwhakatū o te ariā mōhiohio, i hanga i te rorohiko tuatahi ka taea te mau ki te tinana: he taputapu te rahi o tētahi pōkai hikareti i ine i te wā o te pōrotaputapuPōroTe pōro iti ka panga ki te ara, ki te ahunga kōaro ki te rōta. Ko ngā pōro o nāianei he ivorine, he Teflon rānei, 18–21 mm.Pānuitia katoatia → me te rōtataputapuRōtaTe wāhanga o te wīra e huri ana, e mau ana i ngā kōhao.Pānuitia katoatia →, ā, i tuku i tētahi oro ki tētahi taringa whakarongo e tapa ana i tētahi hautanga waru o te wīra. I whai hua i te papa o raro o te whare o Shannon i runga i tētahi wīra i hokona, ā, i ētahi wā i Las Vegas, i whati ai ngā waea, i kitea ai te taringa whakarongo. I mutu rāua mō ngā take ā-mahi; i pānuitia e Thorp te pūnaha i 1966, ā, i whakaahuatia katoatia i 1979 me 1984 (tirohia te Tākaro Whai Painga).

Ngā Eudaemons (1976–1981)

I hangaia e tētahi rōpū tauira paerua ahupūngao i Santa Cruz ētahi rorohiko mamati iti hei mau i tētahi whare petipeti: i ine tētahi kaitākaro i te wā o te wīra mā ngā pana matikao, i matapae te rorohiko i tētahi wāhangawīraWāhangaHe pewa kōhao honohono i te wīra, he rerekē i tētahi rōpū i te mahere peti.Pānuitia katoatia →, ā, i whiwhi te kaitākaro tuarua i te matapae mā te wiri, ā, i peti ki reira. I 1977 me 1978 i herea te rorohiko ki raro i te ringa; ko tētahi putanga o muri mai, i hangaia ki te raro o tētahi hū, i haere ki Las Vegas i Noema 1981, ā, i hinga i te haruru hiko o ngā whare petipeti. I kī taurangi ā rātou whakamātautau he painga 44%, ā, ko tā rātou wā tākaro roa tuatahi i tētahi tēpu tūturu i hoatu tata ki te 25%. He onge te roa o te mahi a ngā taputapu: ko ngā waea tangatanga, ko ngā hiko ohorere, ā, kotahi te wā he wera nā ngā waea wera rawa, i whakamutu i ngā wā tākaro maha. I toa rātou i ētahi mano tāra i ngā moni peti iti, i whakapau i te tata ki te $15,000, ā, i waiho he pukapuka pai. Ka kōrerotia e te whārangi Eudaemons te kōrero.

Ngā Eudaemons

Richard Jarecki (1931–2018)

He tākuta Amerika i whānau ki Tiamana, i tuhi, me tana wahine a Carol me ētahi kaiāwhina, i ngā wīra korewīraKoreTe kōhao kākāriki kotahi kāore e kapia e tētahi peti utu ōrite, tatini, tīwae rānei; te pūtake o te painga o te whare. Arā anō: kore kotahi, 0.Pānuitia katoatia → kotahi i ngā whare petipeti o Ūropi i ngā tau 1960 me te tīmatanga o ngā tau 1970, ko Sanremo te mea matua, ā, i peti ki ngā tau i puta auau rawa. E ai ki tā Carol Jarecki, ka neke atu i te 10,000 ngā hurihanga mō tētahi wīra, ā, tae atu ki te marama. E ai ki tētahi pānui mate o 2018, i ngā kōrero maha i toa ia i te neke atu i te $1.2 miriona; kāore te tau i arotakea. I kī ia ki ngā kairīpoata kua wāwāhia te kēmu e tētahi rorohiko i te Whare Wānanga o Rānana; e whakaahua ana tētahi pānui mate o 2018 me te kaituhi hītori rūreti a Russell Barnhart he hipoki tēnei mō te mātakitaki noa. I tono a Sanremo kia noho mai ia i Hānuere 1969, i aukati i a ia hei kaipetipeti ngaio i Pēpuere, ā, i whakaae anō i a ia i roto i ngā rā torutoru, i neke i ōna tēpu, ā, i te mutunga i whakakapi i te tata ki te rua tatini wīra. I hoki ia ki Amerika i 1973, i 1974 rānei. He nui ake ngā taipitopito kei ngā pūrongo o taua wā.

Richard Jarecki: Te Pūnaha Rūreti

Gonzalo García-Pelayo (i whānau 1947)

He kaihanga rekoata, he kaiwhakahaere kiriata Pāniora i tuhi, me āna tamariki me ōna irāmutu, i te tata ki te 5,000 hurihanga mō ia wīra i te Casino Gran Madrid, i waho o te tāone, mai i te mutunga o 1991, ā, i peti ki ngā kōhaotaputapuKōhaoTētahi o ngā wehenga e 37 kua tauia i te rōta. Arā anō: slot, cup.Pānuitia katoatia → i puta auau. E ai ki ana ake tau, i toa te kōhao pai rawa kotahi i ngā hurihanga 28, ā, tata ki te 6% te painga; e ai ki a ia, 200 ki te 250 miriona peseta ngā moni toa puta noa i ētahi whare petipeti. I aukatia te whānau e te whare petipeti, i whakataka te aukati e te kāwanatanga, ā, i rahua ngā pīra a te whare petipeti, ko te whakamutunga i te Kōti Mana Nui i Hune 2004. I kī te kōti i whakamahia e ngā kaitākaro te mōhio me tētahi rorohiko, kāore he mea kē atu, ā, ko te whakautu ā-ture a tētahi whare petipeti, ko te neke i ōna wīra, ko te whakawhiti i ō rātou wāhanga, ko te hanga pai ake rānei. Ka kōrerotia katoatia e te whārangi Gonzalo García-Pelayo.

Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Te Pūnaha RūretiTe Rūreti i Ūropi

Te tokotoru o te Ritz (2004)

E toru ngā kaitākaro, tokorua ngā tāne me tētahi wahine nō Iugoslavia o mua me Hanekari, i toa i te tata ki te £1.3 miriona i ngā pō e rua i Māehe 2004 i te Ritz Club i Rānana, me te peti tōmuri ki ngā rōpū iti o ngā tau kiritata. I pūrongo ngā niupepa he matawai taiaho i huna ki roto i tētahi waea; kāore rawa he taputapu pērā i whakaaturia. I hopukina rātou, i tukuna, ā, i Tīhema 2004 i whakakorea e ngā pirihimana te kēhi, i whakahokia te moni, nā te mea kāore te ture tawhito mō te tinihanga i tae ki tā rātou mahi. Ko te kōrero a Bloomberg i 2023 mō te kaiārahi, he Koroātia e mōhiotia ana ko Niko Tosa, e whakaahua ana i te matapae ā-kanohi i tētahi wīra he paku tītaha, ehara i te taputapu. I whakakapia e te Gambling Act 2005 te hara tawhito ki tētahi hara whānui ake o te tinihanga, i whai mana mai i 2007; kāore anō kia whakamātauria i te kōti mēnā ka kapi te matapae ā-kanohi. Koinei te toa nui, tūmatanui whakamutunga ki te rūreti mā te matapae.

Ngā mea e ōrite ana i ngā kaitākaro rūreti i angitu

Ko ia toa kua tuhia, i ine i te wīra (Jagger, Hibbs rāua ko Walford, Jarecki, García-Pelayo), i matapae rānei i te pōro (Thorp, ngā Eudaemons, te rōpū Ritz). Kāore tētahi o rātou i toa mā tētahi tauira peti, ā, ko te kaitākaro pūnaha rongonui kotahi, a Wells, i hoatu anō tētahi wāhanga i roto i ngā marama torutoru, ā, i mutu ki te whare herehere. Ko ia tikanga i whakamahia e rātou, i katia i te mutunga e ngā whare petipeti mā te panoni i te wīra, i ngā ture, i te ture ā-whenua rānei. Ka whakamārama ngā whārangi o te Taiwhanga i ngā tikanga; ka whakamārama tēnei whārangi he aha i torutoru noa ai ngā tāngata kua rongo koe.

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