Ngā Wīra Rūreti Rerekē
Ngā wīra e 18, 25, 26, 31, 40, 49, 62, 73, 105 rānei ngā kōhao. Kotahi te ture e tātai ana i te utu o te nuinga: te wāhanga o ngā kōhao kāore e aro ana ngā utunga.
Ina whakaritea ngā utunga me te mea nei kāore ngā kōhao o te whare i reira, ko te painga o te wharepāngarauPainga o te whareTe wāhanga o ia moni peti ka puritia e te whare petipeti i te toharite: 2.70% i te rūreti Ūropi.Pānuitia katoatia → ko ngā kōhao o te whare ka wehea ki ngā kōhao katoa, ahakoa te rahi o te wīra. Ka whai te nuinga o ngā wīra rerekē i taua ture. Ko ngā mea whakamīharo, ka takahi i te ture: he utunga kua porotaitia, he rauna utu tāpiri, he peti rānei e noho tonu ana mō ētahi hurihanga.
Kotahi te ture mō ia wīra
Ka utua e te rūreti ŪropimomoRūreti ŪropiHe wīra kore kotahi, 37 ngā kōhao, ko te painga o te whare 2.70%. Koia te tauira matua o tēnei pae.Pānuitia katoatia → te 35 ki te 1 me te mea nei e 36 ngā kōhaotaputapuKōhaoTētahi o ngā wehenga e 37 kua tauia i te rōta. Arā anō: slot, cup.Pānuitia katoatia → o te wīra. E 37 ōna, ā, ko te kōhao e ngaro ana te painga 2.70%. Ka mahi taua ture anō i runga i ngā wīra katoa: mēnā e N ngā tau, e Z ngā kōhao o te whare, ko te peti ki ngā tau e n e utu ana i te (N − n)/n ki te 1, ko tōna painga ko Z/(N + Z). Kua hangaia, kua whakaarohia rānei ngā wīra o ia rahi i runga i tēnei ture, ā, ka whakaraupapatia e te tūtohi i runga i te utu. Kei ōna rārangi hoki ngā tikanga matua mō te tākaro i te Royal Roulette, te kēmu o Ahitereiria: ko ōna tau ngā kāri 2 ki te kingi, ko ōna kōhao e rua o te whare ko te ēhi me te hōkā, ā, ka utua te kāri kotahi ki te 47 ki te 1.
Ka taea e te mea nui ake te iti ake o te utu
Ka whakaaro ngā kaitākaro he uaua ake te wīra e 62 ngā kōhao, ā, he kēmu kino ake. Ko te painga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wāhanga o ngā kōhao o te whare anake. E rua ngā korewīraKoreTe kōhao kākāriki kotahi kāore e kapia e tētahi peti utu ōrite, tatini, tīwae rānei; te pūtake o te painga o te whare. Arā anō: kore kotahi, 0.Pānuitia katoatia → o Super 62, pērā i te wīra Amerika, engari he 2 i roto i ngā kōhao e 62, kaua ko te 2 i roto i ngā 38, nō reira ko tōna utu he 3.23% ki te taha o te 5.26%. Ko Roulette 73, e 72 ngā tau me te kore kotahi, ko tōna utu he 1.37%, ōrite tata ki te utu ōrite Wīwī. Ka huri kōaro te ture i runga i te wīra iti. Ka whakaahua a Bollman i tētahi wīra tawhito e 18 ngā kōhao, 1 ki te 16 me te 0 me te 00. I runga i te ture, ko te utu o ia peti ko 2/18, 11.11%: he wāhanga nui ngā kōhao e rua o te whare o tētahi wīra iti.
Ka takahia te ture: te porotaitanga
Me whai tikanga te utungamoniUtungaTe moni ka whakahokia e te peti toa, ka kīia ko “X ki te 1”, hei tāpiri ki te moni peti ka whakahokia.Pānuitia katoatia → hei rahinga maramaramoniMaramaraHe tohu e tohu ana i tētahi moni pūmau, ka whakatakotoria ki te mahere peti hei peti. Arā anō: check.Pānuitia katoatia →, ā, ina hua mai he hautanga i te ture, ka porotaitia whakararo e te whare petipeti. Ko te peti Avenue o 100 To 1 Roulette ka hipa i ngā kōhao e 15, ā, me utu i te 5⅔ ki te 1; ka utua te 11 ki te 2, ā, ka piki tōna painga mai i te 4.76% ki te 7.14%. I runga i Super 62, e whitu ngā tau kei roto te mati 6 (6, 16, 26, 36, 46, 56, 60), ā, ko te peti ki taua mati ka utua te 7 ki te 1, nā reira ka 9.68%, e toru whakarea o te toenga o te mahere petitaputapuMahere petiTe tukutuku peti kua tāia ki te tēpu. Arā anō: tēpu, kākahu tēpu, felt.Pānuitia katoatia →. Ko te peti White o Riverboat Roulette ka hipa i ngā tau e 8 i te 7 ki te 2; i tētahi tēpu kāore he maramara 50 hēneti, ka utua te toa $5 ki te $17 kaua ki te $17.50, ā, ka piki te painga mai i te 5.26% ki te 7.37%. Ko te peti tau e rima o Amerika, i te 7.89%, te tauira mōhiotia o taua āhuatanga anō.
Ka takahia te ture: ngā utu tāpiri
Ko Fast Action Roulette, i whakarewaina i Marina Bay Sands i te tau 2020, ka whakahaere i tētahi wīra tūturu e whā ōna kore, ā, ko tōna utu ko te 10% mēnā ko ia anake. Tekau ngā tau Bonus ka tīaho matapōkere i ia hurihanga. Ka utua te tau kotahipetiTau kotahiHe tau kotahi, ko te utunga 35:1.Pānuitia katoatia → ki te 35 ki te 1, ki te 40 ki te 1 mēnā he tau Bonus tōna tau, ki te 80 ki te 1 mēnā he Bonus tōna rārangi katoa e whā, ā, nā tēnā ka heke ki te 6.65%. He nui kē atu te utu o ērā atu peti e toru o te kēmu. Ka tāpiri a Double Bonus Spin a IGT i tētahi kōhao Bonus kōwhai, kotahi me te hāwhe kōhao te whānui, ki te wīra Amerika; ina tau te pōrotaputapuPōroTe pōro iti ka panga ki te ara, ki te ahunga kōaro ki te rōta. Ko ngā pōro o nāianei he ivorine, he Teflon rānei, 18–21 mm.Pānuitia katoatia → ki reira, ka whiwhi ia peti i ngā hurihanga utukore e rua. E ai ki tā mātou tātai, ka heke te painga ki waenga i te 1.94% (tau kotahi) me te 2.73% (utu ōrite), i raro iho i te wīra Amerika noa. Ka tāngia e Bollman (2021) te 3% ki te 16% mō tēnei kēmu; he hapa taurangi i tōna tātai māmā, ā, mō ngā peti utu ōritepetiPeti utu ōriteWhero/pango, kehe/taurite, teitei/hakahaka. 18 ngā tau, ko te utunga 1:1.Pānuitia katoatia → e kī ana ka nui ake te ngaronga o ngā hurihanga utukore i te moni peti, ā, kāore e taea tērā.
Ka takahia te ture: ngā peti e noho tonu ana
I hoatu e Riverboat Roulette (2012) he tae tuarua ki ngā tau e 32 o te wīra Amerika. Ka tohua e te White ngā kōhao e whā e karapoti ana i ia kore (1, 2, 9, 10, 13, 14, 27, 28). Ka toa te peti ki tētahi rōpū tae mēnā ka puta tētahi o ōna tau i mua i tētahi o ngā tau White e waru. He “White Out” te tau White, ā, ka ūkuia ngā peti tae katoa. Ko ia atu tau he tauōrite: ka noho tonu te peti, ā, i waenga i ngā hurihanga ka taea te tango, te whakapiki rānei. Ka hipa te Teal i ngā tau e toru, ā, ka utua te 2 ki te 1. I ia peti kua whakataua, ka ngaro te 2/11 o te moni peti, 18.18%. I ia hurihanga ka ngaro te 2/38, te 5.26% e mōhiotia ana, nā te mea ka noho tonu te peti toharite mō te 38/11, tata ki te 3.5 hurihanga.
He wīra i taea e Thorp te matapae: Big Six
Ko te Big Six, te wīra waimarie rānei, he wīra nui e tū torotika ana, e 54 ōna kōwaha: e 24 ka utua te 1 ki te 1, e 15 te 2 ki te 1, e whitu te 5 ki te 1, e whā te 10 ki te 1, e rua te 20 ki te 1, ā, ko ngā kōwaha waitohu e rua ka utua te 40 ki te 1. Kāore he kore; ka riro i te whare tōna wāhanga mā te utu poto, ā, ko te painga mai i te 11.1% i ngā kōwaha e utu ana i te 1 ki te 1 ki te 24.1% i ngā waitohu. I te tau 1961 i hangaia e Thorp he taputapu matapae, he rite te rahi ki te pouaka māti, i whakahaerehia ki tētahi pana matimati waewae, ā, i te tau 1981, i a ia e ine ana i te wā o te hurihanga kotahi o tētahi wīra whare petipeti ki tētahi wati ringa, i kitea e ia i te nuinga o te wā ka taea e ia te tohu i te wāhi tū i roto i ngā kōwaha e rima. Mēnā i petihia ngā kōwaha utu nui anake e tata ana ki te matapae, ka hoki mai tata ki te +211%, mēnā i whakaaetia ngā peti i muri i te hurihanga o te wīra. Kāore e whakaaetia, ā, he pōturi te huri o te wīra, ā, e kitea ana e te katoa, nō reira ka mārama te kitea o te peti tōmuri; i tuhi a Thorp he iti rawa te tākaro o te kēmu hei huna i tētahi.
He aha i torutoru ai ngā mea ka rongonui
He mano tāra te utu o te wīra ngaio, ā, ko te wīra he rerekē te maha o ōna kōhao me hanga ā-tono. Nō reira ka mau tonu te nuinga o ngā kēmu rūreti hōu ki te wīra paerewa, ā, ka tāpiri peti, koia i roa ake ai te whārangi peti taha i tēnei. Ko te wīra ēkara e 31 ngā kōhao o Amerika o te rautau 19, i te 12.90% i te tau kotahi me te 9.68% i ērā atu katoa, i mate i tōna ake utu. I hoki mai te whakaaro o te kōhao tuatoru o te whare i te tau 2016 i runga i te wīra e 39 ngā kōhao, ā, ko tōna utu i reira he 7.69%.
Ngā pātai
Kāore, mēnā ko te rahi anake. Ko te painga te wāhanga o ngā kōhao o te whare: he iti ake te utu o te 1 i roto i te 73 i tō te 1 i roto i te 37.
Ko Roulette 73, i te 1.37%, engari he hoahoa kua tāngia, ehara i te tēpu ka kitea pea e koe. I roto i ngā wīra kua tukuna ki ngā kaitākaro, ko Super 62 i te 3.23% te whai muri i te Ūropi me te Wīwī.
Me utu te utu tāpiri, i te nuinga o te wā mā te tapahi i te utunga taketake, mā tētahi peti motuhake rānei he nui te painga.
He Pārekareka te Pāngarau
Me whakamātau koe i ēnei i te tuatahi. Kua kōpakina ia otinga; whakatuwherahia ina rite koe.
Ko Royal Roulette, i hangaia i Ahitereiria, he 50 ōna kōhaotaputapuKōhaoTētahi o ngā wehenga e 37 kua tauia i te rōta. Arā anō: slot, cup.Pānuitia katoatia →: ngā kāri 48 mai i te 2 ki te kingi, me tētahi ēhi me tētahi hōkara. Ko te utu mō te kāri kotahi, 47 ki te 1; mō ngā kāri e rua, 23 ki te 1; e toru, 15 ki te 1; e whā, 11 ki te 1; e ono, 7 ki te 1; e waru, 5 ki te 1; tekau mā rua, 3 ki te 1; tekau mā ono, 2 ki te 1; ā, rua tekau mā whā, 1 ki te 1. He aha te ture e puta ai ēnei utungamoniUtungaTe moni ka whakahokia e te peti toa, ka kīia ko “X ki te 1”, hei tāpiri ki te moni peti ka whakahokia.Pānuitia katoatia →, ā, he aha te utu o ia peti?
Whakaaturia te otinga
Whakautu Ka utu ia peti ki ngā kāri e n i te (48 − n)/n ki te 1, nā reira ko te utu o ia peti, 2/50 = 4%.
Whakamātauria te ture ki ētahi peti: 47/1 = 47, 36/12 = 3, 32/16 = 2, 24/24 = 1. E tika ana mō te katoa e iwa. Ka whakaritea e te ture te utu o te wīra me te mea he 48 ōna kōhao, nā reira ko te ēhi me te hōkara ngā kōhao e rua o te whare, ōrite tonu ki te 0 me te 00 i runga i te wīra Amerika.
Ko ngā kōhao e rua o te whare i ngā kōhao 50, he painga 4%. Ka tangohia e tētahi momo “Ūropi” te hōkara, ka waiho ngā utunga kia pērā tonu: kotahi te kōhao o te whare i ngā kōhao 49, he painga 2.04%.
He peti tō Super 62 ka puta tētahi mati i kōwhiria ki te tau toa. Hangaia taua peti anō mō tētahi wīra Amerika noa. E hia ngā tau mai i te 1 ki te 36 kei roto ia mati, ā, he aha ngā utunga e mau tonu ai te 5.26% noa?
Whakaaturia te otinga
Whakautu Ko ngā mati anake e 3, e 4 rānei ō rātou tau ka whiwhi utunga mā (11 ki te 1 me te 8 ki te 1). Ko ngā mati 1, 2 me te 3, e kore e taea te utu tōkeke ki ngā maramaramoniMaramaraHe tohu e tohu ana i tētahi moni pūmau, ka whakatakotoria ki te mahere peti hei peti. Arā anō: check.Pānuitia katoatia → tōpū.
Tatauhia ngā tau. Ka puta te mati 1 i te 1, i te 10 ki te 19, i te 21 me te 31: 13 ngā tau. Kei roto hoki te mati 2 i ngā tau 13, ā, ko te mati 3 i ngā tau 10. Ko ngā mati 4, 5 me te 6, kei ngā tau e whā ia mati (4, 14, 24, 34), ā, ko te 7, te 8 me te 9, e toru ia mati.
Ka mau tonu te painga Amerika o te peti ki ngā tau e n mēnā ka utu i te (36 − n)/n ki te 1. Ka puta te 8 ki te 1 mō ngā tau e whā, te 11 ki te 1 mō ngā tau e toru, he tōpū ērā e rua. Mō ngā tau 13, ka puta te 23/13, tata ki te 1.77 ki te 1, ā, mō ngā tau 10, te 2.6 ki te 1. Whakaawhiwhia te 1.77 whakararo ki te 7 ki te 4, ā, ka 5.92% te utu o te peti; whakaawhiwhia whakarunga ki te 2 ki te 1, ā, ka whai te kaitākaro i te painga 2.63%. Mā te whakaawhiwhi i te 2.6 whakararo ki te 5 ki te 2, ka puta te 7.89%.
He kōwhiringa te mati 0: ko te 10, te 20 me te 30 anake, ka utu 11 ki te 1 i te 5.26%; tāpirihia te 0 me te 00, ā, he peti tau e rima kē, 6 ki te 1 i te 7.89%, pērā i te ketepetiKeteI te wīra kore kotahi: ko 0, 1, 2, 3 ki te maramara kotahi, ko te utunga 8:1. Arā anō: ngā tau tuatahi e whā, quatre premiers.Pānuitia katoatia →.
matitaue ai ki te tureka taea te utupainga o te whare1, 2131.77 ki te 17 ki te 45.92%3102.6 ki te 15 ki te 27.89%4, 5, 648 ki te 18 ki te 15.26%7, 8, 9311 ki te 111 ki te 15.26%Ka utu a 100 To 1 Roulette i te (100 − n)/n ki te 1 mō te nuinga o ngā peti, i runga i te wīra he 100 ōna tau me ngā tohu e 5 o te whare. Ka hipokina e ōna peti ngā kōhao 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50 rānei, ā, ka utu i te 100, 49, 32, 24, 19, 9, 11 ki te 2, 4 me te 1 ki te 1. Ka takahia te ture e te tau kotahipetiTau kotahiHe tau kotahi, ko te utunga 35:1.Pānuitia katoatia → me te Avenue kōhao 15. Ko tēhea atu peti e takahi ana, ā, he aha tōna utu?
Whakaaturia te otinga
Whakautu Ko te peti kōhao e toru: e ai ki te ture, 32⅓ ki te 1, engari he 32 ki te 1 te utu, ā, he 5.71% tōna utu, kaua ko te 4.76%.
Tirohia ia utunga ki te ture: 98/2 = 49, 96/4 = 24, 95/5 = 19, 90/10 = 9, 80/20 = 4 me te 50/50 = 1, e tika ana katoa. Mō ngā kōhao e toru, ka puta i te ture te 97/3 = 32⅓, e kore e taea e tētahi maramara te utu, nā reira ka whakaawhiwhia whakararo ki te 32.
Ka toa te peti kia 3 ngā wā i ia hurihanga 105, ā, ka whakahoki i ngā waemoniWaeTe moni peti taketake e mahi ai tētahi pūnaha, tētahi kaitākaro rānei. Ka whakaahuatia ngā kauneke ki ngā wae kia hāngai ai ki ia tēpu.Pānuitia katoatia → 33, me te moni peti: 3 × 33 = 99 wae ka hoki mai mō ia 105 i petihia, he ngaronga 6/105 = 5.71%.
Ko Roulette 73, he hoahoa kua tāia, he 72 ōna tau me tētahi korewīraKoreTe kōhao kākāriki kotahi kāore e kapia e tētahi peti utu ōrite, tatini, tīwae rānei; te pūtake o te painga o te whare. Arā anō: kore kotahi, 0.Pānuitia katoatia →, ā, ka utu ia peti i te (72 − n)/n ki te 1. Ka taea ōna tau kiwikiwi 24 te hipoki ki ngā maramara 14: e 4 ngā tau kotahi me ngā takiruapetiTakiruaNgā tau e rua e tata ana, ko te utunga 17:1.Pānuitia katoatia → 10. He aha te utu o taua peti maramara 14?
Whakaaturia te otinga
Whakautu 1.37% o ngā maramara 14, ōrite ki ia peti atu i runga i taua wīra.
Te huarahi roa: ka utu te tau kotahi i te 71 ki te 1, ā, te takirua i te 35 ki te 1. Mēnā ka puta tētahi o ngā tau kotahi e 4, ka toa koe i te 71, ka ngaro ērā atu maramara 13: +58. Mēnā ka puta tētahi o ngā tau takirua 20: +35 − 13 = +22. I ērā atu kōhao 49, ka ngaro katoa ngā 14. I te toharite i ngā hurihanga 73: 4 × 58 + 20 × 22 − 49 × 14 = 232 + 440 − 686 = −14 wae, ko te 1/73 tērā o ia maramara.
Te huarahi poto: ka tāpiri ngā uara tūmanakopāngarauUara tūmanakoTe hua toharite mō ia peti i te wā roa. −1/37 o te moni peti mō ia peti Ūropi paerewa.Pānuitia katoatia →. He peti noa ia maramara ka ngaro te 1/73 o tōna ake uara, nā reira ka ngaro i ngā maramara 14 te 14/73. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā peti ka rerekē te horanga o ngā hua, engari kāore rawa te utu.
He 60 ngā tau o Super 62, me te 0 me te 00, ā, ka utu i te (60 − n)/n ki te 1. I tuhia anō e ōna kaihoahoa me ngā kōhao kotahi, toru, whā rānei o te whare. Ka utu a Alphabetic Roulette i te (24 − n)/n ki te 1 i runga i ngā kōhao 25, ā, he momo tōna he kōhao motuhake tō te Y me te Z. Whakaritea te utu o ēnei e rima.
Whakaaturia te otinga
Whakautu Me ngā kore kotahi ki te whā: 1.64%, 3.23%, 4.76% me te 6.25%. Alphabetic, he motuhake te Y me te Z: 7.69%.
Ka puritia e ia o ēnei ōna utunga, ka huri noa i te maha o ngā kōhao o te whare, nā reira ko te painga, ko ngā kōhao o te whare ÷ ngā kōhao katoa.
Kotahi te kore, 61 ngā kōhao: 1/61 = 1.64%. E rua, 62 ngā kōhao: 2/62 = 3.23%. E toru, 63 ngā kōhao: 3/63 = 4.76%. E whā, 64 ngā kōhao: 4/64 = 6.25%. Ka tāpiri ia kore tāpiri tata ki te kotahi me te hawhe ōrau ki te utu.
Ka utu a Alphabetic me te mea he 24 ōna reta. Mēnā kotahi te kōhao o te Y me te Z, 1 i ngā 25 tā te whare, 4%. Mēnā he motuhake te Y me te Z, 2 i ngā 26, 7.69%, ōrite ki te wīra kore-toru. Nā te wehe i tētahi kōhao kia rua, tata rearua ana te utu.
wīrakōhaokōhao o te wharepainga o te whare60 ngā tau, kotahi te kore6111.64%Super 626223.23%60 ngā tau, e toru ngā kore6334.76%Super 646446.25%Alphabetic2514.00%Alphabetic, he motuhake te Y me te Z2627.69%He 18 ngā kōhao o tētahi wīra tawhito: 1 ki te 16, 0 me te 00. He wheropetiWheroHe peti utu ōrite ki ngā tau whero e 18. Wīwī: rouge.Pānuitia katoatia → ngā tau kehe me te 0, he pangopetiPangoHe peti utu ōrite ki ngā tau pango e 18. Wīwī: noir.Pānuitia katoatia → ngā tau taurite me te 00, ā, kei runga ngā tau 16 i tētahi mahere petitaputapuMahere petiTe tukutuku peti kua tāia ki te tēpu. Arā anō: tēpu, kākahu tēpu, felt.Pānuitia katoatia → 4-ki-te-4. Hoahoatia he tūtohi utungamoniTūtohi utungaTe rārangi o te utunga o ia peti, o ia hua rānei. I ngā mīhini me ngā peti taha, koinei te wāhi e whakaritea ai te painga o te whare.Pānuitia katoatia → e ōrite ai te painga o ia peti. Ā, he aha te 0 e hinga ai te peti ki te whero, ahakoa he whero ia?
Whakaaturia te otinga
Whakautu Utua te (16 − n)/n ki te 1: 15 ki te 1 mō te tau kotahi, 7 mō ngā tau e rua, 3 mō ngā tau e whā, 1 mō ngā tau e waru. He 11.11% te utu o ia peti. Mēnā ka toa te peti whero i te 0, ka tōkeke te peti whero.
Whakaritea te utu o te wīra me te mea kāore te 0 me te 00 i reira. Ka toa te peti ki ngā tau e n kia n ngā wā i ia 18, ā, ka utu i te (16 − n)/n ki te 1, nā reira ka whakahokia te 16 wae, me te moni peti, mō ia 18 i petihia. He 2/18 te utu o ia peti, 11.11%.
He tōpū ngā peti tūturu o te mahere: tau kotahi 15 ki te 1, ngā tau e rua e pātata ana 7 ki te 1, he rārangi, he tīwaepetiTīwaeNgā tau tekau mā rua i tētahi tīwae poutū o te mahere peti, ko te utunga 2:1.Pānuitia katoatia → rānei o ngā tau e whā 3 ki te 1, ā, ngā rārangi e rua, ngā tau kehe, taurite, hakahaka, teitei rānei e waru, 1 ki te 1. Ko te peti tau e toru, me 4⅓ ki te 1; ki te whakaawhiwhia whakararo ki te 4 ki te 1, ka 16.67% tōna utu.
Ka hipokina e te whero ngā tau kehe e waru. Mēnā, i te mea he whero te 0, ka toa anō te peti whero, ka hipokina e te whero ngā kōhao 9 o ngā 18 i te 1 ki te 1: he kēmu tōkekepāngarauKēmu tōkekeHe kēmu kāore he painga ki tētahi taha: he kore te uara tūmanako o ia peti.Pānuitia katoatia →, kāore rawa he painga. Ka whiwhi ngā kōhao o te whare i tō rātou painga mā te hinga i ia peti, hāunga te peti ki a rātou anō.
He katakata iti
Tataua ngā kōhao o te whare, kātahi ka rapu i te porotaitanga.
Ngā Puna
- Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette.
- Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling.
- Thorp, E. O. The Mathematics of Gambling.
- Thorp, E. O. “The invention of the first wearable computer.”