TAIWHANGAWHAKAMĀTAU 06df = 36α = 0.05kākano 99

Te Tītaha o te Wīra Rūreti

Ka manakohia e te wīra rūreti tītaha ētahi kōhao nā tētahi hapa ā-tinana: he pakitara korokoro, he rōta tītaha, he kōhao kua ngaungau. Kei te tīari te tītaha o te wīra rūreti, ā, kua whakamahia hoki. Ko te uauatanga, ka whakaputa tonu te wīra tōkeke tino tika i ngā “tau wera”, nō reira ehara te pātai i te mea mēnā he wera tētahi tau, engari mēnā he tītaha ake te tauira katoa i tā te tūpono e whakaae ai.

1. Tīpakohia tētahi wīra tōkeke

Ngā hurihanga kua tōia mai i tētahi wīra whaihanga kāore rawa he tītaha. Whakarerekētia te rahinga tauira, ā, mātakitakihia te kōhao wera rawa.

ngā hurihanga370

tūmanako ia kōhao10.0

kōhao wera rawa20 · 16 pā (4.32%)

wera rawa ki te tūmanako+60% · 1.9σ

chi-square · p32.8 · 0.622

whakataukāore he taunakitanga o te tītaha

2. I kitea me te i tūmanakohia

Ko ia pou he kōhao i te raupapa wīra. Ko te rārangi tōpenepene te tatau i tūmanakohia, n/37. Ko te whītiki kua whakamarumarutia te ±2 hipanga paerewa: i tētahi wīra tōkeke, tata ki te kotahi kōhao i ia rua tekau ka puta ki waho i a ia nā te tūpono noa.

0ngā kōhao i te raupapa wīra →26

3. Whakamātautau chi-square

Ka tāpiria e te whakamātautau te tawhiti o ia kōhao i te tūmanako, kua pūrua, kua whakaineinetia. I tētahi wīra tōkeke, ka whai te tapeke i te tohatoha chi-square me ngā taumata herekore 36; ko te uara-p i raro i te 0.05, ka kīia he hira i te tikanga noa.

χ² = Σ (Oᵢ − Eᵢ)² / Eᵢ Eᵢ = n/37 df = 36
n = 370 · E = 10.00 · χ² = 32.80 · p = 0.622

Whakatūpato rahinga tauiraKi raro iho i te 1,000 hurihanga, tata kāore he kaha o te whakamātautau ki te kite i ngā tītaha tūturu, ā, ka puta tētahi hua “hira” i te p < 0.05 nā te tūpono i te 1 o ia 20 tauira tōkeke ka tirohia e koe. Mā te whakamātautau i ngā wīra maha, mā te whakamātautau anō rānei i te wīra kotahi kia paahi rā anō, ka puta pū ngā hua tōrunga teka.

4. E hia ngā hurihanga e hiahiatia ana e koe

Ngā hurihanga e hiahiatia ana kia kitea tētahi kōhao e puta auau ake ana i te 1/37, i te taumata taha kotahi 5% me te kaha 80%. Ko te kōhao e puta ana 1 i ia 35, kaua i te 1 i ia 37, he painga kaha mō te kaitākaro, ā, he tekau mano hurihanga kua tuhia e hiahiatia ana kia whakaūngia.

auau ponopainga o te kaitākarongā hurihanga e hiahiatia anai 40 hurihanga/h

1 i ia 25+44.0%1,10828 h

1 i ia 30+20.0%4,392110 h

1 i ia 33+9.1%15,747394 h

1 i ia 35+2.9%69,4611,737 h

Ko te whakaū i te tītaha, ko te tuhi i ngā hurihanga i tēnā pō, i tēnā pō, tekau mano ngā hurihanga.

Tikanga Mahi

Tīpakonga. Ngā tō ōrite mai i ngā kōhao 37 mā tētahi pūwhakaputa kākano (mulberry32, kākano 99), kia taea ai te whakaputa anō i te whārangi.

Whakamātautau. Whakamātautau hāngai chi-square a Pearson, 36 ngā taumata herekore, ko te uara-p mai i te taumahi gamma kāore i oti kua whakarite.

Kaha. Whakatata noa ki tētahi whakamātautau ōwehenga kotahi, α = 0.05 taha kotahi, kaha 0.80.

Korahi. Ko te kite ā-tatauranga anake. Ko ngā take ā-tinana me te tātari ā-wāhanga (kaua ā-kōhao) kei te Tātari Wāhanga.

He katakata iti

Ka whakaputa te wīra tōkeke i ngā tau wera i ia pō. Hei whakamatua i te tītaha, he tekau mano hurihanga e hiahiatia ana.

Ngā Puna

Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations… Philosophical Magazine, 50(302).
Thorp, E. O. (1969). Optimal gambling systems for favorable games. Review of the International Statistical Institute, 37(3).
Ethier, S. N. (2010). The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling. Springer. Upoko 13, Roulette.